What Is Public Health Epidemiology?

Public health is a public service that affects the public health of a country or a region. Public health specifically includes the prevention, monitoring and treatment of major diseases, especially infectious diseases (such as tuberculosis, AIDS, SARS, etc.); supervision and control of food, drugs, public environmental health, and related health promotion, health education, immunization Wait. For example, the prevention and treatment of SARS belongs to the typical public health function category.

[gng gòng wèi shng]

Public health is a public service that affects the public health of a country or a region. Public health includes

There is no unified understanding and clear definition. Although the word public health has appeared in the central document several times, the understanding of its meaning may not be clear. Therefore, China should have corresponding authoritative institutions (or authorized research institutions) to define the meaning and scope of public health. Governments at all levels have centralized guidance and classified management in public health work. The central government is mainly responsible for setting public health tasks and health goals; provincial governments are responsible for coordinating the relationship between the central government and local governments, identifying major health problems in the province, providing a basis for the central government to formulate policies, and guiding local governments' specific work; The government is responsible for the implementation of public health tasks and provides

There are three main areas: central, provincial and local. Among them, the central government is responsible for the prevention and treatment of public health problems that are more harmful to the health of residents throughout the country, and the public health costs of specific health problems, specific regions and specific populations. Provincial governments bear different proportions of public health according to the level of economic development. Sanitation costs, while local governments pay the salaries of some rural public health workers.

In fact, as far as the classification of the medical field is concerned, the connotation of the term "public health" is still relatively clear: medical measures for the community or society are different from those for individuals in hospitals. For example: vaccination, health education, health supervision, disease prevention and disease control, various

Public health by population

Childhood illness and death, maternal illness and death, and quality of life for the elderly

Public health by problem

Infectious diseases: SARS, bird flu, influenza, mad cow disease, AIDS dengue fever; chronic non-communicable diseases: tumors, diabetes, high blood pressure; accidental injuries: car accidents; bad health behaviors: smoking, drinking drugs, unsafe sexual behavior; Mental and Mental Health: Depression.

Ministry of Health: Including the health management of the elderly in the national basic public health project, the person in charge of the Ministry of Health stated at a press conference that medical reform will continue to be deepened. China includes elderly health care and health management services for the elderly. It is one of the national basic public service health projects, and medical institutions at all levels will provide health management services for the elderly over 65 years in the jurisdiction each year. This move aims to strengthen the construction of healthy aging. A health strategy.

According to the requirements of the Ministry of Health, to implement comprehensive health management for the elderly, what are the specific measures?

First, promote health and healthy behaviors of all ages to prevent and delay unhealthy events. Although China's per capita life expectancy has increased, the healthy life expectancy is still relatively low. Many of our extended lifespans are living with illness, and obviously will not become a positive social and economic resource. To extend healthy life, it is not necessary to wait until the elderly to start health care. It is necessary to develop healthy behaviors from all ages to prevent or delay the occurrence of chronic diseases. For example, carry out more sports activities, healthy eating, avoid the use of harmful alcohol, control tobacco, and use professional health management systems for personal management.

Second, early detection of metabolic changes in the elderly, in fact, there will be some early changes before severe coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, stroke, uremia, such as increased blood pressure, elevated blood sugar, elevated blood lipids and so on. The effective management of such elderly people will allow him to be effectively controlled in the early stages of the disease, without serious consequences, and his quality of life will be greatly improved.

Third, we must be able to create an environment in which older people participate in social activities, develop new models of aging, and create a society that is suitable for the lives of older people. This is the concept of active aging proposed by the World Health Organization.

Public health by sector

Including immunization planning department, public health emergency department, infectious disease department, environmental health department, occupational health department