What Is the Cervical Region?

The cervix is a part of the female genitalia. Cervical diseases refer to various lesions that occur in the cervical area, including inflammation, injury, tumors, and precancerous lesions. They are one of the most common diseases in women. cancer.

Basic Information

Visiting department

Gynecology

Common locations

cervix

Common symptoms

Increased leucorrhea, itching and vulva, pain in lower abdomen, lumbosacral region, frequent urination, difficulty urinating, infertility

Contagious

no

Clinical manifestations of cervical disease

1. Increased vaginal discharge

Increased leucorrhea is the main symptom of the disease. Leucorrhea can be milky or pale yellow, sometimes bloody or mixed with bloodshot blood.

Vulvar itching

Vulvovaginal vaginal vaginal itching and pain due to increased vaginal irritation can cause secondary vulvitis or vaginitis.

3. Pain in the lower abdomen and lumbosacral region

When the inflammation is severe, it can spread along the uterine and sacral ligaments, the main ligament spreads and leads to pelvic connective tissue inflammation, causing pain in the lower abdomen or lumbosacral region with a feeling of falling.

4. Frequent urination or difficulty urinating

Frequent urination or dysuria may occur when inflammation spreads to the triangular area of the bladder or around the bladder.

5. Infertility

Viscous vaginal discharge is not conducive to sperm penetration, so severe cervicitis can cause infertility.

Cervical diseases common diseases

Cervicitis

It is a common disease of women of childbearing age, both acute and chronic. It is more common in clinical chronic cervicitis. The cervix behaves differently depending on the degree of inflammation. Mainly manifested as increased vaginal discharge, viscous liquid or purulent mucus, sometimes accompanied by bloodshot or bloodshot. Occurs after injury to the cervix due to childbirth, miscarriage or surgery. The pathogens are mainly Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Escherichia coli and anaerobic bacteria, followed by Gonorrhoeae, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Trichomonas and Amoeba among the protozoa. Special circumstances are caused by chemicals and radiation.

(1) Cervical columnar epithelium abnormalities In 2008, the 7th edition of the "Obstetrics and Gynecology" textbook for undergraduates cancelled the "cervical erosion" disease name and replaced it with the "cervical columnar epithelial ectopic" physiological phenomenon. Cervical columnar epithelium is a normal physiological phenomenon with no special clinical manifestations. Some people may show contact bleeding, but only individual differences in the cervix.

If there is an increase in leucorrhea, yellowing, or odor, it is a manifestation of cervical inflammation. Cervical columnar epithelium does not require any treatment. But for symptomatic cervicitis, treatment is needed.

(2) Cervical polyps Cervical polyps are a manifestation of chronic cervicitis. There is a layer of mucosa on the surface of the cervical canal. Due to the long-term stimulation of chronic inflammation, the cervical canal mucosa continuously proliferates, accumulates, and protrudes from the basal layer of the mucosa to the outer mouth of the cervix, thereby forming a polyp. The roots of polyps are mostly attached to the inside of the cervical canal or the outer mouth of the cervix. They are generally small, with a diameter of less than 1 cm, and single or multiple. There are also larger ones, up to a few centimeters in diameter, with pedicles that protrude outside the cervix as they grow. Polyps that are small still remain in the cervical canal, only slightly present at the cervix. If left untreated, cervical polyps will gradually grow and block the cervix. Or the polyps just plugged at the mouth of the cervix, it can narrow the cervix or deform the cervix, thereby preventing the sperm from flowing normally and causing infertility.

(3) Cervical hypertrophy Cervical hypertrophy is a type of chronic cervicitis. Inflammatory changes caused by pathogen infection of the cervical mucosa. The pathogens caused are mycoplasma, chlamydia, bacteria, and viruses, and cervical secretions should be checked to confirm the diagnosis. If necessary, a cervical TCT test can exclude early canceration of the cervix. Simple cervical hypertrophy does not affect pregnancy, but severe cervicitis can cause endometritis, fallopian tube ovitis, fallopian tube adhesion, and obstruction, leading to infertility.

(4) Cervical cysts Cervical cysts are a type of chronic cervicitis and a common gynecological disease. They form cysts due to the blockage of the glands of the Nessian glands. Often without clinical symptoms.

Cervical cancer

Cervical cancer is a malignant tumor that occurs at the junction of squamous epithelial cells in the cervix or transition zone and columnar epithelial cells in the endometrium of the cervical canal. Its morbidity and mortality are the first among various malignant tumors that women suffer from, and their age of onset is 40 to 59 years. Its incidence is related to high-risk HPV infection.

Cervical disease prevention

Regular cervical screening is necessary, mainly to screen for cervical cancer. The occurrence of cervical cancer is related to the infection of human papilloma virus (HPV). Some patients with high-risk HPV infection are prone to precancerous lesions and cervical cancer when the infection continues at the junction of cervical squamous cells. Cervical cancer has experienced a significant decline in mortality since the introduction of cervical scraping. The key is to screen and treat in advance.