What Is the Difference Between a Sigmoidoscopy and Colonoscopy?

Sigmoidoscopy is a method for diagnosing rectal and sigmoid diseases by means of sigmoidoscopy. The morphology of the rectal and sigmoid intestinal mucosa can be directly observed by sigmoidoscopy, and biopsy can be performed.

Basic Information

Chinese name

Sigmoidoscopy

Indication

Unexplained blood in the stool, changes in bowel habits, etc.

Contraindications

Acute infections of the rectum and sigmoid colon

Clinical significance

Can detect and remove some precancerous lesions

1. Examiner preparation (1) Explain the purpose and precautions of the examination to the patient before the examination. Avoid patients' nervousness and get cooperation.
(2) Prepare the cold light source and turn on the power.
(3) Put the whole set of sterilized sigmoidoscopy equipment on the examination table.
(4) Prepare aseptic gloves, dry cotton balls, iodine cotton balls, gauze, and lubricant.
(5) If treatment is carried out, treatment equipment such as an electrocautery and a microwave therapy apparatus should be prepared.
2. Subjects' preparation (1) One hour before the test, we should use Kaisailu catharsis or enema to empty the stool in the intestinal cavity to facilitate the test.
(2) The patient is placed in the knee-thorax position, and the severely ill person may be placed in the lateral position with leg flexion.

1. Symptoms of unexplained blood in the stool and changes in bowel habits.
2. Long-term stool with pus or mucus, or chronic diarrhea of unknown cause accompanied by anemia.
3. Diagnosis or differential diagnosis of rectum and sigmoid colon with inflammatory, ulcerative, parasitic lesions, polyps or tumors.
4. Barium enema or double barium angiography suspected of having rectal lesions.
5. Intraoperative help verify lesions and localization.
6. Those who need ligation or electrocautery polyps.
7. Perform a biopsy.

1. Acute infection of rectum and sigmoid colon.
2. Heart failure, arrhythmia, or extreme weakness.
3. Painful disease of the anal canal.
4. Anal fissure attack, anal or rectal strictures can not be inserted.
5. Pregnant women, women's menstrual period, and suffer from high blood pressure, heart disease, etc. who are extremely weak and cannot tolerate examination.
6. People with mental illness and children who cannot cooperate.

Sigmoidoscopy can detect and remove some precancerous lesions, thereby blocking their development into colorectal cancer.

1. When the operation is gentle, do not blindly advance with violence.
2. Do not inject too much air, injecting too much air will increase the intestinal tension, especially in the straight, colon lesions are more likely to cause perforation.
3. When the lesion is found, its characteristics and location should be described.
4. Take a few hours of rest after the operation and observe for abdominal pain and blood in the stool. Measure blood pressure and pulse if necessary. Take emergency measures if abnormal conditions occur.