Elevators refer to permanent transportation equipment that serves a number of specific floors in a building. The cars run on at least two rows of rigid rails that are perpendicular to the horizontal plane or less than 15 ° from the plumb line. There are also step-type, step boards installed on the track to run continuously, commonly known as escalators or moving walkways. Stationary lifts serving the specified floors. The vertical lift has a car that runs between at least two rows of rigid guide rails that are vertical or have an inclination angle of less than 15 °. The size and structure of the car are convenient for passengers to enter or load cargo. It is customary to use elevators as a general term for vertical transportation vehicles in buildings regardless of their driving method. According to the speed, it can be divided into low-speed elevators (less than 4 meters / second), fast elevators 4-12 meters / second) and high-speed elevators (more than 12 meters / second). Hydraulic elevators began to appear in the middle of the 19th century and are still used in low-rise buildings. In 1852, the American EG Otis developed a safety rope hoist for wire rope lifting. In the 1980s, the driving device was further improved, such as the motor driving the winding drum through the worm drive, the use of balance weight, and so on. At the end of the 19th century, friction wheel transmission was used, which greatly increased the lift height of the elevator.
Valparaiso, Chile, take the funicular lift with cable car function, a glimpse of the seaside.
Relevant laws, regulations and technical specifications :
Special Equipment Safety Law
Industry data shows that the growth rate of China s total production of elevators in the first half of 2014 has exceeded 10%, and the proportion of shipments in the second half of the year has decreased compared to orders, but the annual growth rate of production and sales has remained at about 10%, compared with the previous year. The growth rate has slowed down. However, it is a foregone conclusion that the total output of the entire elevator will exceed 700,000 units throughout the year, and the national elevator holdings will reach more than 3.5 million units.
China has become the world's largest elevator production and consumption market. Major elevator brands in the world have established wholly-owned or joint ventures in China and are the world's factories and manufacturing centers in the field of elevators. 70% of global elevators are made in China, and 60% to 65% of elevator sales are in the Chinese market.
The industry analysis shows that the industry concentration of China's elevator industry has been continuously improved, and the development trend is good. The development pattern of the industry has changed significantly, showing that the strong are stronger and the weak are weaker. The industry has entered a reshuffle period. Some brands have begun production in the central and western regions, making the industrial layout more reasonable. [3]
Based on the height, use, and footfall of the building (or
In the designated period of elevator maintenance, inspection, refueling, dust removal, and debugging of safety devices are performed on the elevator components in operation. Including non-destructive testing and lubrication maintenance of elevator traction wire ropes.
The predecessor of China Elevator Association was established in 1984, when it was affiliated to China Construction Mechanization Association. With the rapid development of China's elevator industry and the continuous growth of the association, in 1991, the Ministry of Civil Affairs approved the registration and formally established the China Elevator Association. At the end of 2002, there were about 400 member companies of the China Elevator Association, of which more than 1/3 were elevator manufacturing members, about 1/3 were supporting component production members, and nearly 1/3 were installation and maintenance members. In addition, there were research institutes and colleges. There are more than 10 members of the school. The journal of the association is "China Elevator" magazine.
The China Elevator Association is a non-profit social organization of the national elevator industry voluntarily formed by the manufacturing, installation, maintenance, operation, design, research and teaching units of elevators (including escalators and moving walkways). The purpose of the Association: to abide by the Constitution, laws, regulations and national policies, and observe social morality. With economic construction as the center, the role of bridges and bonds between the government and elevator companies will be brought into play, and two-way services will be provided to promote the technological progress of the elevator industry in China and raise the level of the elevator industry. In order to better transform government functions and give full play to the role of industry associations, in 2000, the Ministry of Construction decided to focus on industry management in formulating and implementing macro-control policies and related laws and regulations, as well as in cultivating market systems and monitoring market operations. , And the specific industry management work is entrusted to the relevant associations. The tasks entrusted by China Elevator Association include:
1. According to country
On December 3, 2014, the world's leading thyssenkrupp elevator company developed a new type of elevator system called "multiple elevators".
The elevator company said that the 160-year-old old elevators not only take up a lot of space, but each elevator has only one elevator compartment, which is obviously no longer suitable for high-speed modern society. The rapid growth of the urban population has led to the design of "multiple elevators".
This new type of elevator is equipped with multiple elevator bays in each elevator passage. They can move freely in the horizontal and vertical directions and are suitable for buildings of any height, shape and use. The company's proposed linear motor technology is a "vertical subway system" similar to maglev trains.
The "multiple elevators" are expected to be put into trial operation for the first time in 2016. [4]
