What Are the Different Types of Excavator Parts?

The machine element is also called the machine part, which is the basic element that constitutes the machine.

A discipline that studies and designs mechanical basics in various equipment, and is also a general term for parts and components. The specific contents of mechanical parts as a discipline include: 1. The connection of zero (part) parts. Such as threaded connection, wedge connection, pin connection, key connection, spline connection, interference fit connection, elastic ring connection, riveting, welding and gluing. ^[1]

Since the advent of machinery, there have been corresponding mechanical parts. But as a discipline, mechanical parts are separated from mechanical construction and mechanics. along with

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As a mechanical designer, you must understand the industrial development trend when selecting materials. According to national standards, combined with China's resources and production conditions, consider the materials and their selection from the actual point of view. The most commonly used materials in mechanical manufacturing are steel and cast iron, followed by nonferrous Metal alloy. Non-metal materials such as plastics and rubbers also have unique use values in mechanical manufacturing. ^[1]

Mechanical parts Mechanical parts will produce different forms of deformation under the action of different external forces. The main forces and deformations are as follows:

There are many types of machine tool parts, which can be divided into shaft parts, gear parts, and machine tool guides according to their structural features, functions, and load characteristics.

Material selection for machine tool shaft parts

The machine tool spindle is the most important shaft part in a machine tool. Depending on the type of machine, the working conditions of the spindle are also different. According to the size and type of the load on the spindle, it can be divided into four categories: (1) Light-load spindle. The working load is small, the impact load is not large, and the wear of the journal is not serious, such as the main shaft of an ordinary lathe. This type of shaft is generally made of 45 steel, after quenching and tempering or normalizing treatment, high frequency surface hardening is used to strengthen the parts where wear resistance is required. (2) Intermediate load spindle. Medium load, severe wear, and certain impact load, such as milling machine spindle. Generally made of alloy quenched and tempered steel, such as 40Cr steel, after quenching and tempering treatment, wear-resistant parts are required to be surface hardened. (3) Heavy-duty spindle. Large working load, wear and impact are serious, such as combined machine tool spindle with large working load. Generally made of 20CrMnTi steel, after carburizing and quenching. (4) High-precision spindle. The working load of some machine tool spindles is not large, but the accuracy requirements are very high, and the deformation after heat treatment should be minimal. Wear during work should be minimal, such as the spindle of a precision boring machine. It is generally made of 38CrMoAlA special nitrided steel. After quenching and tempering, it is subjected to nitriding and dimensional stabilization. In the past, almost all spindles were made of steel, and light and medium-load spindles have been made of ductile iron. ^[1]

Material selection for machine tool gear parts

Machine tool gears are divided into three types according to the working conditions of the shell: (1) Light load gears. The rotation speed is generally not high, and most of them are made of 45 steel, which is normalized or quenched and tempered. (2) Medium load gear. It is generally made of 45 steel. After normalizing or quenching and tempering, it is then subjected to high-frequency surface hardening to improve the bearing capacity and wear resistance of the gear. For large size gears, it is required to use alloy quenched and tempered steel such as 40Cr. Most of the gears in the machine tool transmission system and feed system belong to this category. (3) Heavy-duty gear. For some heavy working loads, especially gears with high running speed and large impact load, most of them are made of 20Cr, 20CrMnTi, etc. carburized steel. Use after carburizing and quenching. For example: some important transmission gears in the gearbox. ^[1]

Selection of machine tool guide

The accuracy of the machine tool guide has a great influence on the accuracy of the entire machine tool. It must be prevented from deformation and wear, so machine tool guides are usually made of gray cast iron, such as HT200 and HT350. Grey cast iron has better wear resistance under lubricating conditions, but has poor resistance to abrasive wear. In order to improve the wear resistance, the surface of the guide rail can be quenched. ^[1]

Analysis of material selection for tractors and auto parts

1. Selection of engine and transmission system parts. These two parts include quite a lot of parts. Among them, there are a large number of gears and various shafts, as well as parts that work at high temperatures, such as inlet and exhaust valves, pistons, and so on. Their materials are more important, and they are generally selected based on experience. For different types of cars and different production plants, the choice of materials for engines and transmission systems is different. Appropriate materials should be selected through a large number of calculations and tests according to the specific working conditions of the part and the actual failure mode. 2. Selection of materials to reduce the weight of automobiles With the increasing shortage of energy and raw material supplies, people have higher and higher requirements for energy saving and consumption reduction of automobiles. Reducing self-weight can increase the weight utilization factor of the car, reduce material consumption and fuel consumption, which is of great significance in terms of resource and energy conservation and economic value. The material used to reduce the weight should be lighter than traditional materials and can ensure business performance. For example, the use of aluminum alloy or magnesium alloy instead of cast iron can reduce the weight to the original 1/3 to 1/4, but does not affect its use performance; the use of new dual-phase steel plates instead of ordinary low-carbon steel plates For stamping parts, thinner plates can be used to reduce the weight, but the strength of the components is not reduced at all; in the body and some less important structural parts, using plastic or fiber reinforced composite materials instead of steel can also reduce the weight Energy consumption. ^[1]