What Is a Cholinergic?

Choline is a positively charged tetravalent base and is a constituent of all biofilms and a precursor of acetylcholine in cholinergic neurons. The concentration of choline in the cytoplasm is 8-25 micromoles / liter, and the concentration in the brain is 25-50 nanomoles / liter. Obtaining choline in the body either through foods such as liver and eggs [mainly in the form of phosphocholine (PC) and lecithin], or from endogenously synthesized PC [through phosphatidylethanolamine ( PE) continuous methylation process]. Except that the body obtains choline as part of the macromolecule PC, the body cannot produce choline through other routes. However, all cells apparently synthesize PC by PE methylation, and all cells are able to release choline from food and endogenous PC under the catalysis of phospholipase D or other phospholipases. ^[1]

1. Properties: Strongly alkaline viscous liquid or crystal

2. Density (g / mL, 20/4 ): 1.09

3. Refractive index: n20 / D 1.418

4. Solubility: soluble in water and alcohol, insoluble in ether.

Acute toxicity: Cat subcutaneous injection of LDLo: 150 mg / kg; cat intravenous LDLo: 35 mg / kg; rabbit subcutaneous injection of LDLo: 500 mg / kg; rabbit intravenous LDLo: 70 mg / kg; rabbit rectal LDLo: 460 mg / kg; Guinea pig LDLo: 450 mg / kg; frog subcutaneous injection of LDLo: 1500 mg / kg;

1. Hydrophobic parameter calculation reference value (XlogP): -0.4

2. Number of hydrogen-bonded donors: 1

3. Number of hydrogen bond acceptors: 1

4. Number of rotatable chemical bonds: 2

5. Number of tautomers: none

6. Topological molecule polar surface area 20.2

7. Number of heavy atoms: 7

8. Surface charge: 1

9. Complexity: 46.5

10. Number of isotope atoms: 0

11. Determine the number of atomic stereocenters: 0

12. Uncertain number of atomic stereocenters: 0

13. Determine the number of chemical bond stereocenters: 0

14. Uncertain number of chemical bond stereocenters: 0

15. Number of covalent bond units: 1 ^[2]

It is stable to heat in acidic solution, easily absorbs carbon dioxide in the air, has strong water absorption, and decomposes when exposed to heat. The taste is bitter and bitter. ^[2]

Choline is obtained by methylating ammonium chloride from formaldehyde to obtain trimethylamine, and then adding it to ethylene oxide.

Promote brain development and improve memory

Several mechanisms have been established in nature to ensure that growing animals obtain sufficient amounts of choline. The placenta regulates choline transport to the fetus. Choline concentration in amniotic fluid is 10 times that in maternal blood. The ability of the brain to draw choline from the blood during the neonatal period is extremely strong. Experimental observations show that a highly active

Ingest

choline

Choline should be taken simultaneously with other B vitamins;

People who are irritable and excited should increase choline intake;

People taking lecithin must take calcium supplements that have been "chelated" in order to maintain a balance of phosphorus and calcium, as choline seems to increase phosphorus in the body;

Choosing choline-containing foods in your diet can help improve memory;

Addicts are advised to consume more choline-containing foods in order to provide the liver with sufficient choline to digest nutrients.

Choline-rich foods: eggs, animal brain, animal heart and liver, green leafy vegetables, beer yeast, malt, soy lecithin.