What Is a Pediculicide?

Insecticide refers to an agent that kills pests, such as beetles, flies, pupae, nose bugs, spring bugs, and nearly 10,000 other pests. The use of pesticides has gone through several stages: the earliest discovered are natural pesticides and inorganic compounds, but they have a single role, large amounts, and short duration; organic synthesis such as organochlorine, organophosphorus and carbamate Insecticides are characterized by high efficiency, high or low residue, and many of them have high acute toxicity to mammals. ^[1]

Pesticides are chemicals used to control pests. Including organic pesticides (organic chlorine, organic phosphorus, organic sulfur preparations and carbamates and pyrethroids), inorganic pesticides (inorganic arsenic, inorganic fluorine, inorganic sulfur preparations), plant-based pesticides, minerals Oil pesticide, microbial pesticide. Insecticides are the type of pesticides with the largest amount and variety of pesticides. Generally, most of them can only kill insects but cannot prevent diseases. Insecticides have played a very important role in increasing agricultural production and solving human food problems, but they are also the most important factors that cause pesticides to pollute the environment (such as organochlorine pesticides have stable chemical properties, are not easily degraded, and easily accumulate in soil and organisms) It is also closely related to the reduction of pest natural enemies and other beneficial organisms, even endangered ^[2]

Bt pesticides are mainly produced by liquid submerged fermentation and semi-solid fermentation. Two-step production is in half

A study in France and Argentina confirmed that long-term exposure to pesticides does have an impact on men's fertility. They advise people to use pesticides with caution

The first few months of pregnancy are a critical period for fetal brain development. If a mother becomes pregnant in the summer, she will inevitably be exposed to pesticides. "People use pesticides in farmland and homes, and people are most exposed to pesticides in the summer. Constant exposure to pesticides can affect hormone secretion in pregnant women and affect fetal brain development."

In support of this conclusion, there are

What pesticides are sensitive to what crops? The following summarizes 8 items for your reference:

1. Chlorpyrifos is easy to produce phytotoxicity when used in the seedling stage of melon, and it should be avoided in the flowering stage of some crops.

2. Insecticides containing malathion are sensitive to melons, pears, peaches, grapes, beans and cruciferous, tomato seedling crops, so they should not be used.

3. Oxymethol and Dimethoate pesticides are easy to produce phytotoxicity when used in high concentrations on some varieties of sorghum, mat grass, tobacco, jujube, peach, plum, apricot, cherry, citrus, and olive, and should be avoided.

4. Pesticides containing triazophos should not be used on fruit cane, and are easy to cause phytotoxicity.

5. Phoxim is easy to decompose due to light. Avoid using it in watermelon growing season, radish and leafy vegetable seedling (not even growing season), and avoid using other crops under strong light.

6. Hydrazine should not be used on fruit trees, vegetables, and mulberry gardens. It is easy to produce fallen leaves when used on peach trees.

7, insecticidal double, insecticidal single-component pesticides are easy to cause harm to cotton, beans and potatoes, and it is also easy to cause harm to cruciferae when used in summer and humid seasons. In the production practice, insecticidal double found that there is also a phytotoxicity on citrus, and it should be used with caution.

8. Dichlorfen, dichlorvos, and dibromophos (precursor dichlorvos) pesticides are sensitive to seedlings of corn, beans, and melons, and they are harmful to sorghum.

Only by properly grasping this information can we better control pests on crops and ensure the healthy growth of crops.

1. Spray method: The spray method designed under the conditions of actual forest control. In order to reduce the test error and make every insect tested receive the same dose as much as possible, the sprayer is required to have a certain pressure to make the size of the fog point consistent. Spray evenly.

2. Liquid immersion method: dip test insects in dilute liquids of different concentrations, take them out immediately, place them on absorbent paper to absorb excess liquids, and transfer them to the container of each group to give freshness. The leaves were used as feed, and the container was covered with gauze or gauze, and kept in the room. The room temperature was recorded, and the death of poisoning at different times was observed.

3. Medicine film method: spray the medicine on a certain area of the surface to form a uniform medicine film (usually a petri dish lined with filter paper, or immerse the needles in the medicine solution and take it out), and then let the supply The tested pests were on it and allowed to come into contact with the drug film for a certain period of time, and then moved back to normal containers for breeding, or just in the process of contacting the drug film, observed the poisoning death.

4. Drip method: Quantitative liquid droplets are added to the back of the chest of the test insect, and then the death of poisoning is observed regularly. The advantage of this method is that the dose can be expressed by the amount of medicine (usually micrograms) per gram of the body, and the dose is easy to control.

Organic pesticides are chemical pesticides. The essential difference between the two is like biological weapons and chemical weapons. In popular terms, biological pesticides let the pests die and the chemical pesticides directly kill the pests. Chinese pesticides Onenet hereby summarizes the following information for your reference only: 1. Chemical pesticides

Everyone who grows crops knows a range of harms caused by pests, especially those who eat the leaves and fruits of crops.

Since ancient Greek and Roman times, farmers have tried to fight insect pests with pesticides. In the 20th century, scientists looked for a truly powerful pesticide that could be used in large-scale agricultural production. In 1939, a breakthrough occurred. At the time, Swiss scientist Paul Miller discovered that a chemical called "DDT" (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane) was a powerful pesticide.

There are many types of microbial pesticides, and more than 2,000 have been discovered. According to the classification of microorganisms, they can be divided into bacteria, fungi, viruses, protozoa and nematodes. Domestic research and development and application and formation of commercial products are mainly bacterial insecticides, fungal insecticides, viral insecticides and antibiotic insecticides.

Biological insecticides are mainly divided into three categories: Bacillus thuringiensis, insect viruses, and plant extracts. They have the characteristics of convenient material acquisition, low cost, long control period, high efficiency, economy, safety, no pollution, and high compatibility with the environment. It is the best pesticide choice for the production of pollution-free green vegetables.

First, bacterial pesticides

Bacterial pesticides are the earliest researched and developed microbial pesticides with the largest production volume and the most widely used in China. The varieties studied include Bacillus thuringiensis, Penicillium, Bacillus chafer and Bacillus sphaericus, among which Bacillus thuringiensis is the most representative variety. Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is a

The current status and development direction of the global pesticide market is as follows:
1. Global warming causes diseases and insect pests, which in turn leads to an increase in the use of pesticides. In agricultural production, the occurrence of pests and diseases is closely related to climate change. If the weather conditions are unfavorable to the growth of pests, the degree of pests and diseases will be greatly reduced. Reduce the use of pesticides. Generally, low-temperature weather will kill a large number of over-wintering pests, and warm winters will cause large-scale outbreaks of pests and diseases in the coming year. According to the latest monitoring results released by the World Meteorological Organization, 2000-2009 was the warmest 10 years since the 1880 global systematic meteorological observations. Climate warming will lead to increased pest and disease activities, which will lead to a continued increase in pesticide use.
2. Pesticides still maintain the dominant position in the international pesticide market. Three major types of pesticides, including pesticides, fungicides and herbicides, are the main players in the international pesticide market. In 2004, pesticides, fungicides, and herbicides accounted for 25:24:48 of the global pesticide market sales. In 2009, pesticides still accounted for 25% of the global pesticide market, with North America and Western Europe remaining the largest. Market share, accounting for about 70% of the entire market (data source: Phillips McDougall).

3. Increasing requirements for the safety of pesticides The global pesticide industry is also facing a series of new requirements while it continues to develop, that is, the use of pesticides for many years has caused different degrees of pollution to the environment and humans and animals. Therefore, international The society has become more and more demanding of pesticides for high efficiency, low toxicity, low residue, and pollution-free, especially in the pesticide industry.
Therefore, with the further improvement of people's awareness of food safety and environmental protection, the variety and scope of high-toxicity and high-residue pesticides will be further restricted, while high-efficiency, low-toxicity, environmentally friendly and not easily resistant Insecticides will be used more and more widely. The result is that the life cycle of highly toxic pesticide intermediate products has ended or entered a period of decline, and the new pesticide intermediates are in the process of being successful because of their downstream products' high efficiency, low toxicity, and low residue. In the long run, the profits are relatively rich. Take DuPont's new insecticide "Chlorantraniliprole", which was commercialized in 2008 as an example. It can not only accurately target and control target pests, but also is very friendly to other organisms and the ecological environment. Based on its "no residual toxicity" and other excellent physical and chemical properties, the Brighton (BCPC) World Plant Protection Conference in 2007 awarded the "most innovative chemistry award" to chlorantraniliprole.

Insecticides mentioned here should actually be divided into rodenticides and insecticides used to kill insects in our daily life.

Mosquito coil ^[3] is composed of pesticide fillers and dyes, and is mainly used to kill indoor mosquitoes and other health pests. Because from the perspective of medical and health care, the use of pesticides must be adequate, and it will also harm human health while eliminating pests. Various types of pesticides sold on the market can be divided into three levels of highly toxic, poisonous and low toxic according to their toxicity. Even low-toxic pesticides are more toxic to humans and animals, and even more toxic pesticides are even more harmful.

From a scientific point of view, mosquito coil is also an insecticide. When the mosquito coil is lit or heated during use, these insecticides will be emitted, so it can be said that no mosquito coil is non-toxic to humans and animals.

Insecticides in mosquito coils are not only acutely toxic to humans but also chronically toxic. Even the lowest-grade microtoxic insecticide with the lowest acute toxicity is more harmful to humans and animals; as for its chronic poison, it is a series of carcinogenic, teratogenic, mutagenic, delayed-onset neurotoxicity and reproduction. Based on comprehensive evaluation of biological tests, it can be seen that the chronic toxicity of pesticides is more harmful and more complicated. Therefore, don't think that it is all right to avoid the symptoms of dizziness, vomiting and other acute poisoning for the time being. Its impact on the human body sometimes takes a long time to show up.