What Is Adoptive Immunotherapy?

Adoptive immunization is to transfer sensitized lymphocytes (with specific immunity) or the products of sensitized lymphocytes (such as transfer factors and immune ribonucleic acid, etc.) to those with low cellular immune function (such as tumor patients) to obtain anti-tumor Immunity. Adoptive immunity or inherited immunity is like inheriting other people's property to obtain financial resources. It is an immunotherapy used to treat tumors. Based on the occurrence, development and prognosis of tumors, which are closely related to the body's immune function, especially cellular immune function, the National Cancer Research Council of 1985 established the immunotherapy of cancer as the fourth type after surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy. therapy. Adoptive immunity is one of tumor biotherapy.

Adoptive immunity

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Lymphocytes with killing effect in the body include natural killer cells, killer cell killer T cells, and the like. According to experimental observations, a tumor cell needs hundreds of lymphocytes to deal with it. There are about 1 billion tumor cells in a cubic centimeter tumor. Therefore, adoptive immunity requires a large number of lymphocytes to be effective. Lymphocytes from early adoptive therapy are taken from tumor-immunized individuals. But getting such a large number of lymphocytes from a person who has had a tumor is very unrealistic. In recent years, scientists have developed a method to isolate lymphocytes from peripheral blood of tumor patients or infiltrating lymphocytes from surgically removed tumors, and add a lymphokine interleukin 2 (IL-2); in vitro In culture, IL-2 stimulates lymphocyte proliferation and enhances its tumoricidal effect. The former is called lymphokine-activated killer cells (LAK), and the latter is called tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL). Introducing such lymphocytes activated and proliferated in vitro into tumor patients can shrink tumors and prevent tumor metastasis, thereby achieving the purpose of treatment.

Transfer factor is a lymphokine produced by sensitized lymphocytes, which can transfer specific cellular immune information to another body without using lymphocytes. In the past, transfer factors were thought to be race-specific. The transfer factors used to treat tumor patients need to be extracted from human lymphocytes. Due to the difficulty of source of cells, it is not easy to promote the use of transfer factors.

Immune RNA is extracted from lymphocytes of immunized animals and animals. It can transmit specific immune information. When injected into the body, it can enhance cellular immunity and humoral immune function; it can be used to treat tumors and some infectious diseases. Immune ribonucleic acid has no race specificity and can be extracted from the lymphatic tissues of immunized animals. The source is easy, but it is easily damaged by ribonuclease in the body and affects its efficacy. If we can manage to overcome this shortcoming, it is indeed a better adoptive immunotherapeutic agent.