What Is Ilex Aquifolium?

Holly is an evergreen tree, a national key protected plant. The crown is oval and the bark is smooth and gray-cyan. Twigs light green. Leaves alternate, oblong, thin grassy, sparsely shallowly serrated on the edges, dark green on the surface, and shiny. Flowers solitary, dioecious, arranged in cymes, with branches and leaves axillary; flowers pale purple-red, fragrant. Drupe is elliptic, dark red when ripe, and does not fall through winter.

Evergreen tree, 13 meters high; bark gray-black, current year branchlets light gray, cylindrical

Born in an evergreen broad-leaved forest on the slopes of 500-1000 meters above sea level and forest margins. ^[1]

Produced in Jiangsu (Liyang, Suzhou, Yixing, Nanjing, Wuxi), Anhui (Lixian, Shucheng, Huangshan, Youping), Zhejiang (Jiande, Fenghua, Taishun, Kaihua, Shouchang, Tiantai, Ruian, Hangzhou, Tianmu Mountain), Jiangxi (Nanchang, Lushan, Pingxiang, Nanfeng, Dexing, Jeonnam, Prosperity, Lead Mountain, Tongda, Qingchang, Guangfeng, Shicheng, Ji'an, Anyuan, Fuliang, Xunwu, Yushan, Anfu, Fengxin, Guangchang, Yongxiu, Guixi), Fujian (Chong'an, Xianyou, Liancheng, Shaxian), Taiwan, Henan (Xinyang, Xinxian), Hubei (Badong, Lichuan, Xingshan, Xuan'en, Hefeng , Jianshi, Wuhan), Hunan (Dongkou, Qianyang, Changsha, Wugang, Xinning, Huayuan, Baojing, Yizhang), Guangdong (Yangshan, Lechang, Ruyuan), Guangxi (Xing'an, Guilin, Lingui , Lingchuan, Gongcheng, Quanzhou, Dayaoshan, Tengxian and Leye) and Yunnan (Tengchong). ^[1]

It is a common garden ornamental tree species in China; the wood is tough and is used for fine materials for making toys, sculptures, tool handles, brush backs and wooden combs; bark and seeds are used for medicinal purposes and are strong agents, and have strong Bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects; leaves have the effects of clearing away heat and dampness, swelling and analgesia, and are used for pneumonia, acute throat inflammation, dysentery, biliary tract infection, external burns, lower extremity ulcers, dermatitis, eczema, foot cracks, etc. Roots can also be used as medicine. It has a bitter taste and cool sex. It has the functions of antibacterial, heat-clearing, detoxification and anti-inflammatory. It is used for upper respiratory tract infections, chronic bronchitis, dysentery, and external treatment of burns, scalds, frostbite, and mastitis. The bark contains shoe quality and can be used to extract tannin. ^[1]

Holly

The trunk is straight and grows well. The mother tree, which is about 20 years old, is harvested when the fruit turns red in late December. Plastic cloth can be laid under the mother tree, and then the fruit branches are collected by using a seeding knife or high branch shears. The collected fruit branches are stacked in a ventilated room. Avoid exposure to sunlight. After they mature for a period of time, the fruits do not fall off immediately. You can even peel the seeds Stored in Hunchun before processing. ^[2]

Holly seed treatment

Before sowing, the peel can be separated from the seeds with an electric grinder (soybean milk grinder), then the seeds are filtered out, rinsed with water for 3d, and dried in the shade. The seeds are stored in sand storage or cloth bags in pots or buried in the soil. Before sowing, seeds must be soaked to promote germination, and then immersed in alkaline water and straw ash water for 4h, and then immersed in clean water and rubbed by hand. Water must be changed to bleed the seeds every day. ^[2]

Holly Nursery

Hairy Holly seeds have a long dormancy period. After collecting and processing in winter in December or January, they have the habit of germination every other year. Autumn seeding (early October) or spring seedlings after storage for 1 year can be used. Fertile soil, convenient drainage and irrigation, and sandy, slightly acidic soil should be selected for nursery grounds for detailed site preparation. The site should be flooded and flooded for 3 days, and then sprayed with Honex or fruit herbicides when the ground is set aside, per 667m ² of superphosphate 200 kg of alkali was used as a base fertilizer, and then intensive cultivation was carried out to form a seed bed with a width of 1 m and a height of 0.25 m. Sowing is carried out by seeding method. After sowing, cover scorched earth or fine yellow mud with 3 ~ 5mm. Press the seedbed bed to cover the soil, cover with straw, cover with sunshade net to protect, and keep the seedbed moist and check frequently. Cotyledons were unearthed 200d after sowing, and seedlings were formed around 245d. At this time, we must lift the grass and elevate the shade net in time. Because the seedlings are small, weeding and careful maintenance must be done well. The seedlings first grow underground, and the root system grows quickly. When the length is about 4-5 cm, you can choose to transplant the soil with seedlings on cloudy days. When transplanting, you must water the seedbed before seedlings. After transplanting, you must also water and set up a shade net. If the 1-year-old seedlings are cultivated, the row spacing of the colony plants is 10 cm × 10 cm; the 2-year-old large seedlings are cultivated 20 cm × 20 cm. Bed-keeping seedlings and transplanted seedlings must be weeded twice and compound fertilizer (50g fertilizer plus 50kg water) twice after cultivation. In that year, the bed seedling height was 0.46m, and the root diameter was 0.80cm. It is observed that the peak growth period of field nursery crops occurred in August, September and October, with monthly growth reaching 10cm, accounting for 63% of the annual high growth; trail growth was September, October, and November, accounting for the entire year 62.0% of total growth. Hairy holly holly can produce 25,000 to 30 thousand seedlings per bed or transplanted 12,000 to 14,000 seedlings per 667m2. ^[2]

Holly plantation

Hairy Holly is suitable for afforestation in early March. Before forestation, forest land clearing and small hole preparation or strip preparation are generally carried out. The size of the hole reclamation is 0.5m × 0.5m × 0.3m, and the topsoil is filled to the bottom. The strip preparation can be generally 1.2m in width and 1.2m in reserve. Deep reclamation of 20cm strips. The row spacing is 2m × 2m. "One dig, two starts and three pruning" should be done during the seedling raising, try to keep the root system intact and properly remove the lower side branches and fibrous roots, and avoid cutting off the main afforestation. When planting, it is necessary to "deeply plant Shugen and tap the ground", which can be used to create mixed forests with Mu He, Du Ying, and Jinsong Pine. After afforestation, juvenile forests should be reared continuously for 3 years in June and September; in the second year after planting, 25g of compound fertilizer can be applied to each plant hole in spring. The investigation of the growth status in the lower part of Dongwu Town in Yinzhou District showed that using 1-year-old seedlings for afforestation, the young branches of Phyllostachys edulis grew quickly and did not have any pests and diseases; planting with 2-year-old seedlings must be planted with small mud balls on the same mountain 100 clay plants with 0.15m × 0.15m × 0.2m and bare root seedlings were planted, and the survival rates were 96% and 66% at 80 days after planting. ^[2]

Holly disease and pest control

After the seed is sown to the emergence stage, it is mainly susceptible to the growth of roots and cotyledons by underground insects such as pupae, maggots, and earthworms. It can be evenly sprayed in soil with 2kg / 667m ² of winter or underground nemesis pesticides to control. In the forest, there are fewer pests and diseases on the holly branches, which can be used as an excellent native landscape tree species in our land. ^[2]