What are prostanoids?
prostanoids are biologically active, pro -inflammatory compounds derived from the chemical modification of three essential fatty acids. These compounds act as signaling substances, play a key role in communication in the central nervous system and control of immune and inflammatory processes. A group of prostanoids consists of prostaglandins, prostacyclins and thromboxans. The enzyme called cyclooxygenase (COX) causes the conversion of free fatty acids into prostanoids in a two -stage process. Many drugs such as aspirin reduce inflammation in the body by blocking the synthesis of prostanoid molecules inhibiting cyclooxygenase.
Three fatty acids with 20-eaten acids, which form prostanoids, are eicosapentaenic acid, arachidonic acid and dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid. While eicosapentaenic acid is omega-3 fatty acid, the other two are omega-6 fatty acids. Omega-6 products create more inflammation than omega-3 products, explaining the health benefits of the Omega-3 fatty acids. OverwhelmingThe balance of two forms of fatty acids in the diet affects blood pressure, arthritis, cardiovascular function and many other body processes or diseases that have been associated with inflammation in the body.
Prostanoids are responsible for causing many local symptoms of inflammation, including pain, redness, swelling and heat. Anti-freeanoid drugs focus on one of two coox isofor, either COX-1, which causes blood clotting or COX-2, causing pain and inflammation. However, some drugs imitate prostanoids to treat erectile dysfunction, glaucoma, stomach ulcers and pulmonary hypertension. In addition, obstetricians use two forms of prostanoid drugs to induce childbirth.
cells do not store prostanoids in the body, but synthesize them when required. Tyhat events trigger prostanoid synthesis include cell damage, growth factors or prostanoids released by adjacent cell. ComplexThe cascade culminates in the release of free fatty acid from the cell membrane. Cox then connects two oxygen molecules to fatty acid and creates a highly reactive and potentially harmful peroxide molecule. The release of peroxide of one oxygen atom produces prostaglandin H (PGH), a precursor of all prostanoids.
The United States National Institutes report a high level of evidence that diet modifications to increase omega-3 fatty acids found in oily fish improves the results in patients with high blood pressure, high triglycerides and heart disease. There is also convincing evidence that omega-3 fatty acids may prevent rheumatoid arthritis and cardiovascular disease in receptive patients. In addition, omega-3 fatty acids can alleviate the symptoms of mental diseases and psychiatric disorders. Mechanisms of Omega-3 fatty acids protect tissues, include the relocation of omega-6 fatty acids and competition for cox enzymes.