What Are the Carpal Bones?

Carpal bones are located in the wrist and are composed of 8 small bones arranged in two rows. The proximal row is from the radial side to the ulnar side. It is the scaphoid bone, moon bone, triangular bone and pea bone. The composition of the radial wrist joint. The distal row from the radial side to the ulnar side consists of most angular bones, small polygonal bones, skull bones, and hook bones, all of which are involved in the formation of the carpal and palm joints.

Carpal bones are located in the wrist and are composed of 8 small bones arranged in two rows. The proximal row is from the radial side to the ulnar side. It is the scaphoid bone, moon bone, triangular bone and pea bone. The composition of the radial wrist joint. The distal row from the radial side to the ulnar side consists of most angular bones, small polygonal bones, skull bones, and hook bones, all of which are involved in the formation of the carpal and palm joints.

Chinese name

Carpal bone

Foreign name

carpal bones

Pinyin

wàn g

Types of

Short bone

Carpal anatomy

All carpal bones are not arranged on a coronal plane, but constitute a longitudinal shallow groove that is depressed on the side of the palm, that is, the carpal groove. The ulnar and radial sides of the sulcus each have a bulge, the carpal ulna and the carpal radial bulges. The former consists of pea bones and hooks, and the latter consists of scaphoid nodules and most angular nodules. The transverse carpal ligament straddles the ulnar and radial bulges of the carpal sulcus to form the carpal tunnel. Nine long flexor tendons and the median nerve pass through. When a person falls to the ground with the palm of an outreach stand, the scaphoid fracture can occur because the scaphoid directly faces the radius.

Wrist TCM

Meridian name. From "Lingshu · Bansu", it belongs to the small intestine meridian of the hand and is the original acupoint of this meridian. Positioning: On the ulnar side of the palm, when the depression between the fifth metacarpal base and the hook bone is red and white. Local anatomy: The dorsal branch of the ulnar nerve is distributed on the cloth. At the outer and lower edges of the origin of the abductor of the little finger of the hand, the dorsal carpal artery (branch of the ulnar artery) and the dorsal vein of the hand pass through. Indications: headache, Xiang Qiang, tinnitus, eyesight, jaundice, dyspnea, fever, sweating, malaria, finger cuff pain; mumps, gastritis, cholecystitis, diabetes, schizophrenia, etc. Acupuncture and moxibustion method: pierce 0.3 to 0.5 inches; moxa moxibustion 1 to 3 strong, or moxa moxibustion 5 to 10 minutes.

Modern research proves that acupuncture of the carpal bone points can enhance the peristalsis of the lower part of the lower colon and rectum, which is not peristaltic or weak, and has a will. Experiments show that stimulation of the carpal bone points can lead to cortical evoked potentials, which are significantly different from non-acupoint areas.

Carpal bone related clinical diseases

Some studies have conducted reading and screening of X-rays of children's Kashin-Beck disease cases in the posterior and anterior X-rays, and sorted out 19 basic X-ray signs. These 19 basic X-ray signs are based on their relationship with Kashin-Beck disease. The imaging changes can be divided into 5 types according to the different parts. The fifth type is carpal bone changes. Carpal bone changes are mainly manifested as rough edges of the carpal bones, limited edge sclerosis, ring sclerosis, and deletion. When extensive deep necrosis of cartilage around cartilage bone nucleus occurs, the calcification band is interrupted or disappeared, the original uneven bone trabecular structure is exposed, and reactive bone hyperplasia is formed, and the carpal bone is rough; Localized necrosis of deep chondrocytes, blood vessels and connective tissues growing in the bone marrow penetrate into the necrotic cartilage tissue to be absorbed and mechanized, and reactive bone hyperplasia under the bone plate and shell forms a multilayer bone beam. This new localized bone band is the carpal bone When the deep chondrocytes of the osteoarticular surface surrounding the wrist bone all necrotic, a ring-shaped sclerotic zone is formed. Kashin-Beck disease alone cannot be diagnosed as Kashin-Beck disease, and Kashin-Beck disease can only be diagnosed if it coexists with the metaphyseal or bony ends. When the wrist bone changes at the same time with any two parts of the metaphysis, epiphysis, and end of the bone, it is called a "triple sign", which is the most serious form of X-ray sign in children with Kashin-Beck disease.

Carpal keyboard wrist

1. At the same time that personal computers help our work, study, and life, with the widespread application, the damage they may cause to our individuals is becoming more and more important. People may use computers for a long time. It has become a consensus that the soft tissue damage of the neck, shoulders, and back caused by chronic strain and the visual damage caused by electromagnetic radiation have become common. In clinical practice in recent years, it has been found that long-term use of a computer can also cause damage to a person's wrist. This damage has certain clinical manifestations and is closely related to the operation of the computer keyboard, so it is called " Keyboard wrist. "

2. Clinical manifestation, diagnosis and pathogenesis of "keyboard wrist"

The main symptoms of patients with "keyboard wrist" are: numbness, pain, and aches and pains in the wrist, thumb, index finger, and middle finger of the operating hand, and the pain is mostly proportional to the operation time and intensity. In addition, patients often feel that the thumb is awkward or weak, and the wrist back extension is reduced. Examination showed that the palmar interfacial muscles were atrophied and weakened to varying degrees. The thumb, forefinger, and middle finger felt dull or abnormal, while the little and ring fingers felt basically normal. The affected wrist may have a localized slightly elevated or fixed tenderness on the back of the base of the second or third metacarpal bone. A few X-ray wrist dorsal tangential films show lip-like osteogenesis in the dorsal side of the base of the second or third metacarpal and the dorsal side of the cephalic bone, and the joint space becomes narrow or uneven. Orthophotos are generally not found positive. According to the patient's long-term keyboard operation history, clinical manifestations and auxiliary examinations, it is not difficult to make a clinical diagnosis of "keyboard wrist".

The wrist joint is composed of the distal ulnar bone, 8 wrist bones, and 5 bases of the metacarpals. There are more starting and stopping points of the forearm, palm, and finger muscles locally. The carpal bones are small and the articular surface is flat. The motor functions are complex. The ligaments and internal ligaments maintain their stability. The carpal tunnel is a larger tube in the palm of the wrist, through which the flexor cavity, blood vessels, and median nerve pass. Because the carpal tunnel has little space for outward expansion, once the pressure in the carpal tunnel increases, it will directly compress the muscles, blood vessels and nerves in the carpal tunnel, resulting in clinical symptoms. Long-term vertical wrist tapping on the keyboard, on the one hand, repeatedly rubs the muscles and nerves in the carpal tunnel, thickens the carpal tunnel wall due to chronic damage, and causes the space in the carpal tunnel to be narrower than normal; on the other hand, a large number of long-term repetitive actions It can also cause chronic strain of soft tissue in the carpal tunnel, resulting in aseptic inflammatory reactions such as congestion, edema and exudation, increasing the content of the carpal tunnel, resulting in carpal tunnel stenosis and increased internal pressure, compressing blood vessels and the median nerve, forming the wrist Tube syndrome. Clinical signs on the dorsal side of the base of the second or third metacarpal bone may be related to local joint and ligament structural stability and inactivity.

"Keyboard elbow" treatment and prevention:

Patients with "keyboard wrist" should be instructed to temporarily stop using the keyboard and other actions that may aggravate wrist injury, while using physical methods such as physical therapy and hot compresses, plus traditional Chinese medicine pinching, scraping, shaking, rotating Treatment, usually patients can be cured or significantly relieved. For those with severe symptoms, short-term wrist fixation measures should be taken. Oral blood circulation or anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs should be taken orally to facilitate the resolution of aseptic inflammation and promote the recovery of wrist function as soon as possible. In some patients with severe symptoms, the treatment method of closed injection of the hormone dexamethasone in the carpal tunnel or local closed injection of pain points can also be used to relieve or cure the symptoms. For a small number of patients who are ineffective after the above treatments and have obvious signs due to carpal tunnel stenosis and affect normal work and life, carpal tunnel decompression surgery can be used to relieve local compression of vascular nerves, so that the symptoms of patients can be relieved as soon as possible.

In recent years, some computer manufacturers have introduced new products such as pseudo-biological or biomechanical computer keyboards and handwriting or voice recording. The improvement of hardware equipment has a certain positive effect on preventing "keyboard wrists". However, the key to prevention is that the operator should be aware of the harm of the "keyboard wrist", and actively take preventive measures to avoid operating the computer keyboard for a long time by hanging the wrist. When operating, the wrist should be cushioned to relax the wrist muscles and ligaments. Work for 1 hour You should take a short rest from left to right while moving your wrist to relieve wrist fatigue, to avoid and reduce keyboard damage to the wrist.