What is a Hypoglossal Nerve?

The hypoglossal nerve originates from the hypoglossal nucleus near the midline of the dorsal part of the medullary bulb. Its nerve roots pass through the anterolateral groove of the lateral side of the medullary cone and pass through the hypoglossal neural tube to the extracranial area to control the tongue muscle. The tongue sticking out is mainly the effect of the genioglossus muscle, and the tongue retracting inward is mainly the effect of the hyoid hyoid muscle. The hypoglossal nerve is only innervated by the contralateral cortical bulbus. The central damage of the hypoglossal nerve causes paralysis of the contralateral central hypoglossal nerve, without atrophy of the tongue muscle, often accompanied by hemiplegia, which is more common in cerebrovascular accidents. When the peripheral hypoglossal nerve is paralyzed, the tongue significantly shrinks. Progressive degenerative diseases of the sublingual nucleus can also be accompanied by muscle tremors.

The hypoglossal nerve originates from the hypoglossal nucleus near the midline of the dorsal part of the medullary bulb. Its nerve roots pass through the anterolateral groove of the lateral side of the medullary cone and pass through the hypoglossal neural tube to the extracranial area to control the tongue muscle. The tongue sticking out is mainly the effect of the genioglossus muscle, and the tongue retracting inward is mainly the effect of the hyoid hyoid muscle. The hypoglossal nerve is only innervated by the contralateral cortical bulbus. The central damage of the hypoglossal nerve causes paralysis of the contralateral central hypoglossal nerve, without atrophy of the tongue muscle, often accompanied by hemiplegia, which is more common in cerebrovascular accidents. When the peripheral hypoglossal nerve is paralyzed, the tongue significantly shrinks. Progressive degenerative diseases of the sublingual nucleus can also be accompanied by muscle tremors.

The twelfth pair of brain nerves are the motor nerves of the tongue. The root filaments are emitted from the medulla oblongata and are distributed in the tongue in multiple branches. They control the styloid tongue muscle, hyoid hyoid muscle, genioglossus muscle, and all internal tongue muscles. The hypoglossal nerve was completely damaged on one side. The ipsilateral tongue muscle is paralyzed, followed by atrophy of the tongue muscle, and the tongue tip is biased toward the affected side when the tongue is extended.

It is a motor nerve that originates from the sublingual nucleus in the medullary bulb. The brain emerges between the medullary cone and the olive body (anterolateral sulcus) and synthesizes a stem that exits the skull through the sublingual neural tube. After exiting the craniotomy, first fall outside the vagus nerve, between the neck and the arteries and veins, and descend above the hyoid bone, and turn in an arched direction to the front side, along the lateral side of the hyoid hyoid muscle, distributed in multiple branches on the tongue, dominating all the tongue Internal and external tongue muscles (styloid tongue muscle, hyoid hyoid muscle, and genioglossus muscle, etc.).

Chinese name

Hypoglossal nerve

Scripture

Motor nerve

Anatomy of hypoglossal nerve function

Function governs the movements of the internal and external lingual muscles (styloid tongue muscle, hyoid hyoid muscle, and genioglossus muscle) (generally somatic). Carrying general somatic motor fibers from the C1 and C2 spinal nerves at the same time dominate the hyoid muscles (thyroid hyoid muscle and geniohyoid muscle), and pass the above muscles and the general sensation (proprioception) of the dura mater of the posterior cranial fossa.

The hypoglossal nerve is a simple motor nerve originating from the medulla oblongata through a number of filaments, and is separated from the skull via the hypoglossal neural tube. After the craniotomy, the C1 and C2 motor branches of the cervical plexus were added, and the sensory branches from the C2 spinal ganglia were added. The hypoglossal nerve passes down the inside of the mandibular angle, and then bends forward into the tongue, ending at different branches with all the external lingual muscles except the genioglossus muscle (which is actually the phrenic muscle) and dominating the above muscles. The sublingual nerve is added to the upper segment of C1 at the hypoglossal neural tube. The hypoglossal nerve has the following branches:

The meningeal branch returns to the cranial cavity through the hypoglossal neural tube, which innervates the dura mater at the base of the posterior cranial fossa and the posterior wall. But the nerve fibers it carries are not from the hypoglossal nerve, but from the C2 spinal ganglia.

The descending branch joins the cervical scapula to innervate the subhyoid muscle group (stereohyoid muscle, sternum thyrothyroid muscle, scapula hyoid muscle, and thyrohyoid muscle). These muscle-dominating branches actually come from the cervical plexus (the crest formed by the ventral branches of C1 and C2), not from the hypoglossal nerve. The fibers of the cervical nerve join the proximal end of the hypoglossal nerve.

Dominates the styloid, genioglossus, and genioglossus muscles, as well as the terminal branches of the intralingual muscle group.

Distribution of the hypoglossal nerve A. The lower view of the brain shows that several filaments of the hypoglossal nerve originate from the medulla oblongata B. The hypoglossal nerve exits the cranial line through the hypoglossal neural tube, passes downward through the mandibular angle, enters the tongue forward, and dominates All but the genioglossus muscle. There is a branch of the cervical plexus from C1 and C2 adjacent to the hypoglossal neural tube. A descending branch of the hypoglossal nerve joins a part of the fibers of the anterior branch of the cervical nerve that forms the cervical plexus to form the cervical crest. The epiphysis branches dominate the hyoid bone. Lower muscle group.