What is degradation of fatty acids?
Fatty acid degradation occurs when fatty acids are dismantled for energy production. Finally, the process consists of acetyl-coa and brings it to a cycle of citric acid. The whole process is divided into three phases: lipolysis, activation and beta -ooxidation. Kitta acid is divided into its metabolites to produce energy and adenosinriptosphate (ATP).
There are saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. Unsaturated acid has one or more double or triple bonds between carbon atoms. Saturated acid has only individual bonds among carbon atoms.
fatty acids are part of the carboxylic acid group and are stored in adipose tissue. They enter the body through intestinal capillaries or villas. Glucose and fatty acids are two main energy sources in the body, although the brain cannot process fatty acids.
The first phase of fatty acid degradation is called lipolysis. Fatty acids are stored in cells called adipocytes and first distributed free fatty acids, aby they could enter the blood system. Lipolysis is induced by a number of hormones including norepinephrine and testosterone. In addition to free fatty acids, glycerol is produced as a by -product.
Activation takes place before fatty acid becomes a cell mitochondria. First, an enzyme called acyl-coa synthetase induces a nucleophilic attack on the alpha-phosphate ATP, which creates an acyl chain associated with adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and pyrophosphate. The enzyme then consists of an activated thioester bond between coenzyme and and acyl chain. The fatty acid is then transported to the mitochondrion using the Carrier Carrier system.
beta-oxidation is the final phase of degradation of fatty acids and takes place in four stages. First, fatty acid is dehydrated using flavin adenin dinucleotide (FAD). Second, the bonds between the second and third carbon are hydrated. Third, nicotinamide adenin dinucleotide (above) is usedOxidation of the molecule. In the last step, beta-caroacyl adds to the second CoA molecule located between the second and third carbons during Thiolylys.
The final product of the three phases of fatty acid degradation is acetyl-coa. It is a molecule of metabolism used to carry carbon atoms. The molecule is then brought to the citric acid cycle, which is an essential part of energy supply.
City of citric acid is a number of chemical reactions by oxygen or fatty acid degradation products. The whole cycle takes place in the Mitochondrion of eukaryotic cells or in the Cytoplasm of Prokaryot. Carbon dioxide is a by -product of the energy production process. Fatty acids pass once by the system, but glucose must be processed twice to harvest all its energy.