What Is the Anterior Pituitary?
The anterior pituitary gland is generally referred to as the distal part of the pituitary gland and the nodule part. It is composed of epithelial cell cords of various sizes, with sinusoidal and reticular tissues between the epithelial cords. According to some studies, under the condition of strong physical load, the blood flow of the capillaries of the anterior pituitary gland increases, the capillaries dilate, and the edge area has a curved contour. Glandular cells make tighter contact with capillaries as they expand, making it easier for hormones to be secreted into the blood. The above shows that the functional activity of the anterior pituitary gland is increased under muscle load.
- Chinese name
- Anterior pituitary
- Meaning
- Collective name of distal pituitary and nodule
- Make up
- Epithelial cord
- Main disease
- Anterior pituitary dysfunction
- The anterior pituitary gland is generally referred to as the distal part of the pituitary gland and the nodule part. It is composed of epithelial cell cords of various sizes, with sinusoidal and reticular tissues between the epithelial cords. According to some studies, under the condition of strong physical load, the blood flow of the capillaries of the anterior pituitary gland increases, the capillaries dilate, and the edge area has a curved contour. Glandular cells make tighter contact with capillaries as they expand, making it easier for hormones to be secreted into the blood. The above shows that the functional activity of the anterior pituitary gland is increased under muscle load.
Anterior pituitary
- 1 leaf of pituitary. Including the distal portion and the minimal nodule, this leaf occupies most of the pituitary. The glandular cells of the anterior pituitary gland are arranged in a cord-like pattern and are connected to each other into a net, which has abundant blood sinuses. The gland parenchyma consists of three types of cells: main cells, eosinophils, and basophils. The main cells are light-colored and have the largest number of cells, which are the cells that have lost secretion capacity. The eosinophil cell body is large and contains eosinophilic particles, which can secrete growth hormone. When the function is hyperactive, it can cause acromegaly or giant disease. Causes dwarfism (dwarfism); basophils are the largest, mostly distributed around the anterior lobe, and the cells contain alkaline particles that can secrete thyroid stimulating hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, and gonadotropin.
Anterior pituitary hypofunction
- Hypotrophic hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary gland can not meet the needs of the human body's basic or physiological, stress and other conditions and appear hypofunction syndrome. Most manifested as hypofunction of one or several hormones, and a few were all lack of pituitary hormones. Caused by pituitary lesions is called primary, and hypothalamus, pituitary stalk and other lesions cause various anterior lobe hormone release hormone deficiency is called secondary.
- Etiology: tumor. Pituitary adenomas are most common, about 50%; craniopharyngiomas are more common in children; others such as meningiomas. Surgery, trauma and overexposure. Anterior pituitary ischemic necrosis. Mostly due to major postpartum hemorrhage (for details, see Sheehan's syndrome, Simon's syndrome, and postpartum anterior pituitary hypofunction). Others. Autoimmune diseases, invasive or infectious diseases, idiopathic (unexplained), etc.
- Clinical manifestations depend on the degree and function of pituitary destruction. Generally, it is estimated that more than 50% of the tissues are destroyed before they begin to show symptoms. The symptoms are more obvious when 75% of the tissues are destroyed, and the symptoms are severe when about 95% are damaged. In addition to the manifestations of the lesions themselves, they can cause multiple or certain anterior pituitary hormone deficiency, leading to secondary hypogonadism, adrenal cortex, and hypothyroidism, and a series of corresponding clinical manifestations. Laboratory tests: Blood glucose, electrolytes, and water metabolism were examined for the secretion of endocrine hormones (TSH, LH, FSH, ACTH, GH, ADH, etc.) and the corresponding target hormone levels.
Anterior pituitary three, pituitary tumor
- Tumors of anterior pituitary cells are called pituitary tumors. Pituitary tumors account for about 10% of brain tumors, most of which are benign and rarely malignant. Pituitary tumors are classified into four types: chromosome, eosinophil, basophil and mixed according to cell staining and morphology. Recently, histochemistry, immunofluorescence staining and electron microscopy techniques have been used to find that pituitary tumors are divided into two categories: pituitary hormone-secreting cell tumors and non-secretory functions. The main clinical symptoms of pituitary tumors are: due to the enlargement of the tumor, the adjacent normal pituitary tissue is compressed, causing the corresponding reduction in hormone secretion; the surrounding tissue of the pituitary gland causes headache, vision loss, visual field defects, and oculomotor nerve paralysis; etc. Hormones cause hyperfunction. Determination of blood hormones can understand the functional status of pituitary tumors and the pituitary gland itself under compression. X-ray tomography and CT examination of the butterfly area are effective and accurate localization methods. Pituitary tumors are currently treated by surgical resection. Improvements in transsphenoidal surgery and microsurgery not only improve the safety of the operation, but also improve the success rate of the operation. Despite this, nearly half of patients require radiation therapy after surgery. Bromocriptin, a dopamine agonist, has been discovered in recent years. It is a potent drug for prolactinoma and opens up a new way of drug therapy for pituitary tumor treatment.