What Is the Lateral Geniculate Nucleus?
Lateral geniculate body: located on the mesencephalon, is a component of the thalamus of the lateral geniculate system. The lateral geniculate body is located in the posterior thalamus, just below the thalamus pillow, and is the visual subcortical center. The lateral geniculate body is connected by the upper arms of the quadrilateral body and the superior colliculus. The outer side is connected to the optic tract, the inner side is connected to the superior thigh arm, and the deep cell cluster is the third-level neuron of the visual conduction pathway. Its somatic cells emit fibers to form visual radiation, and the foot stops in the visual area above and below the talus groove after passing through the inner capsule.
- Chinese name
- Lateral geniculate body
- Foreign name
- lateral geniculate body
- Lateral geniculate body: located on the mesencephalon, is a component of the thalamus of the lateral geniculate system. The lateral geniculate body is located in the posterior thalamus, just below the thalamus pillow, and is the visual subcortical center. The lateral geniculate body is connected by the upper arms of the quadrilateral body and the superior colliculus. The outer side is connected to the optic tract, the inner side is connected to the superior thigh arm, and the deep cell cluster is the third-level neuron of the visual conduction pathway. Its somatic cells emit fibers to form visual radiation, and the foot stops in the visual area above and below the talus groove after passing through the inner capsule.
Overview of the lateral geniculate body
- 1. Lateral geniculate nucleus: The lateral geniculate nucleus is a neural nucleus of the hypothalamus. It is located on the ventral surface of the thalamus occipital, outside the brain feet, and above the medial geniculate body. It consists of a larger dorsal nucleus and a smaller ventral nucleus. It is the relay core of the vision system. Receives fibers from the retina and emits them to project into the primary visual cortex.
- 2. Interbrain: The interbrain is located between the midbrain and the telencephalon. The midbrain and telencephalon are derived from the forebrain wing in the early stage of the embryo. The midbrain is located in the center of the posterior part of the forebrain, and the telencephalon develops into the left and right cerebral hemispheres. Due to the height expansion of the telencephalon, except for the ventral part of the hypothalamus that is exposed on the surface of the brain, the rest is surrounded by the left and right cerebral hemispheres. On the median sagittal section of the brain, the connection from the posterior commissure to the posterior margin of the papillary body represents the junction between the midbrain and the midbrain, and the connection from the interventricular foramen to the optic cross represents the junction between the mesencephalon and the telencephalon. The ventricular cavity of the interbrain is called the third ventricle.
- The medial side of the interventricular brain forms the side wall of the third ventricle. At the junction of the medial side and the back side, there is a raised fiber bundle-the thalamic medullary vein, with the third ventricle choroid tissue attached. The thalamic medullary pattern is connected backward to the zygomatic triangle, and the zygomatic zygomatic connection is between the left and right zygomatic triangles, and the pineal gland is behind the zygomatic. Around the center of the third ventricle wall, there is an interthalamic adhesion (or central block) connecting the left and right ventricle walls. It has a hypothalamic sulcus on its ventral side, from the midbrain water pipe to the interventricular foramen. The structures belonging to the hypothalamus surround the floor of the third ventricle, and from front to back there are optic crosses, funnels, gray nodules, and papillary bodies that connect the endplate. On the dorsal side of the mesencephalon, both sides of the third ventricle are held by oval-shaped gray matter masses belonging to the dorsal thalamus, with an anterior nodules of the thalamus and an enlarged pillow at the rear. There is a caudate nucleus belonging to the telencephalon on the outer side of the dorsal side, and it is a terminal streak between it and the midbrain. On the underside of the pillow, there are medial geniculate bodies and lateral geniculate bodies. The outer side of the midbrain fuses with the inner capsule of the telencephalon. The ventral surface of the mesencephalon is the exposed part of the brain with anterior optic cross and optic bundle, the funnel, pituitary, and gray nodules are centered, and the papillary bodies are paired behind the gray nodules.
Anatomy of the lateral geniculate body
- Lateral geniculate body: The lateral geniculate body is located under the thalamus occipital, and the lateral side of the medial geniculate body is left and right, showing protrusions. The inner geniculate body is called the gray nucleus. It is connected with the superior colliculus of the midbrain quadrilateral by the superior colliculus arm. The lateral geniculate body is a pair of brain nerves that are directly connected to the mesencephalon, that is, the terminating nucleus of the optic nerve (). The fibers emitted by the nucleus constitute the visual radiation and reach the visual center of the cerebral cortex. .
Morphological structure and composition of lateral geniculate body
- Lateral geniculate body: The lateral geniculate body is also known as the external geniculate body. Oval small bulges located on the outside of the brain's feet and outside the occipital occipital, belong to the mesencephalic part, and are the first-level visual center of the visual analyzer. The optic fibers of the optic bundle stop at the ganglion cells of the lateral geniculate body and exchange neurons to form optic radiation, all of which are projected into the visual central striatum on the same side to produce vision. The visual fibers in the lateral geniculate body also have a certain arrangement. Peripheral non-intersecting fibers and contralateral fibers from the ipsilateral retina terminate on the ventral side of the lateral geniculate body. The fibers are located on the ventral side. The macular fibers are finally dorsal, with the upper quadrant macular fibers located inside the wedge-shaped area, and the lower quadrant macular fibers located outside the wedge-shaped area. VonMonakow divides the lateral geniculate body into three parts, namely: anterior lower part, connecting the visual bundle; portal part; lateral part, namely the spur of the lateral geniculate body.
Features and clinical significance of blood supply in lateral geniculate body
- The arteries of the lateral geniculate body are multi-source and multi-vessel blood supply, accounting for 80% of the dual sources and up to 3-6 arterioles. These arterioles of different origins coincide with each other on the surface of the lateral geniculate body. There are 1-2 tertiary blood supply arteries that are obstructed or narrowed, which will not affect the nutrition of the lateral geniculate body, and the possibility of visual field defects is unlikely. However, there are 20% of single-source arterial blood donors, which is of great significance in the etiology of visual field defects. For example, atherosclerotic obstruction of the source arteries can cause ischemia of the lateral geniculate body and thus loss of conduction.