What Is the Red Nucleus?

The red nucleus is one of the neurons of the brain. The occluded part (occupies most of the occluded part) located in the midbrain is a columnar cell column that extends from the superior colliculus stage to the tail of the mesangial. The combined arms from the cerebellum cross into the red nucleus, some of which stop at the red nucleus and the other continue to stop at the thalamus. The fibers emitted from the red nucleus cross over the ventral side of the cover and form the red nucleus spinal cord bundle, which stops at the anterior horn motor cells. The red nucleus transmits the impulses of the cerebellum and other parts to the anterior horn cells through the red nucleus spinal cord bundle, which plays a greater role in regulating body posture and maintaining motor coordination.

The red nucleus is one of the neurons of the brain. The occluded part (occupies most of the occluded part) located in the midbrain is a cylindrical cell column that extends from the upper colliculus stage to the tail of the mesocerebellum. The combined arms from the cerebellum cross into the red nucleus, some of which stop at the red nucleus and the other continue to stop at the thalamus. The fibers emitted from the red nucleus cross over the ventral side of the cover and form the red nucleus spinal cord bundle, which stops at the anterior horn motor cells. The red nucleus transmits the impulses of the cerebellum and other parts to the anterior horn cells through the red nucleus spinal cord bundle, which plays a greater role in regulating body posture and maintaining motor coordination.

Chinese name

Red core

Foreign name

rubrum

Red nuclear anatomy:

1. Red core:

The red nucleus is part of the reticular structure of the midbrain. It is an oval cell column. Because the red nucleus is rich in blood vessels, it is pale apricot yellow and extends from the lower edge of the superior thalamus to the caudal side of the mesencephalon. Can be divided into large cell parts (old red nuclei) and small cell parts (new red nuclei). The large cell part is located in the caudal part of the red nucleus, and its axons constitute the descending fiber, the red nucleus spinal cord bundle; the small cell part constitutes most of the red nucleus. Some small fiber bundles from the binding arms terminate or pass through the red nucleus. The oculomotor nerve root arched through the red nucleus to the ventral side. At the side of the red nucleus, there is a lame inter beam.

The connections of the red nuclei are complex and extensive. The afferent fibers are mainly from the central cerebellum and the cerebral cortex.

Fibers from the red nucleus project into the spinal cord, brainstem, and cerebellum. There are red nuclear spinal cord bundle, red nuclear olive bundle, red nuclear thalamus bundle.

The red nucleus is also a relay station for many conductive pathways, transferring cerebellar impulses to the mesencephalon and spinal cord, and some cerebellar impulses return to the cerebellum. Impulses from the cerebral cortex reach the spinal cord and cerebellum through the red nucleus. If the red nucleus is damaged, it can cause tremor and some involuntary movements. This is due to the blockage of the pathway between the cerebellum and the striatum, or the blockage of the pathway between the cerebellum and the brain, which may cause movement disorders.

2. Midbrain:

The midbrain is the smallest of the six parts of the brain and still maintains the original shape of the neural tube. It is about 15-20 mm long and is located between the pontine and the midbrain. The upper boundary of the ventral side of the midbrain is the optic bundle, and the lower boundary is the upper edge of the pontine; there are bulges composed of large longitudinal fibers on both sides of the ventral side, called the brain feet; The optic nerve root comes out of the brain from the outer edge of the fossa; the dorsal side (also known as the tectum) has a quadruplex, consisting of two pairs of small round mounds. Is the white matter fiber) and the lateral geniculate body; the next symmetrical hypothalamus is the inferior cortical center, which is connected to the medial geniculate body by the hypothalamus arm (for white matter fibers). Below the inferior colliculus, there is a puncture nerve. There is a midbrain water pipe in the midbrain, which is connected to the third ventricle upward and to the fourth ventricle downward.

In the middle of the dorsal part of the midbrain cross section, there is a section of the midbrain water pipe, and there is a layer of gray matter around the midbrain water pipe, which is called central gray matter. The dorsal side of the gray matter is the quadruplex. The ventral side of the midbrain is the brain foot, and each side of the brain foot is divided into two parts by a layer of melanin-containing nerve cells (ie, substantia nigra): the dorsal part of the substantia nigra, called the cover, which contains a reticular structure, downward It is connected to the reticular structure of the pontine; the ventral part of the substantia nigra is a thick layer of nerve fiber plates called the soles of the feet.

Covered, consisting of gray and white matter. The central part of the cover has a red nucleus formed by the accumulation of cell bodies. This nucleus is the subcortical motor center. The cell processes cross each other and form the red nucleus spinal cord bundle. On the outside of the red nucleus, there are ascending fibers that conduct proprioceptive and cutaneous sensations. These fibers are collectively referred to as the medial thalamus and travel to the thalamus. The gap between the medial thalamus and the red nucleus is called the midbrain reticular structure, and the dorsal side has central gray matter. The midbrain water pipes pass through the central gray matter. On the base of the midbrain water duct, there are the oculomotor nucleus and the trochlear nucleus. The former is located in the superior colliculus plane and the latter is located in the inferior colliculus plane. On the inner side of the oculomotor nucleus, there is a Daksevich nucleus, and the protrusions from the cells in this nucleus form a medial longitudinal bundle that enters the spinal cord.

Red nuclear and red nuclear related diseases:

(1) Midbrain Infarction-Wernekink Syndrome:

Overview:

There are many nerve fibers connected to the cerebellum in the midbrain. After the cerebellar fibers are relayed by the dentate nucleus, they cross the upper midfoot of the cerebellum in front of the midbrain aqueduct to the midpoint of the lower midbrain to the contralateral midbrain red nucleus, forming a Wernekink cross. This site is supplied by the median branch of the basilar artery. When the median branch of the basilar artery is occluded, it can cause damage to Wernekink's commissure, called Wernekink's commissure syndrome. Mainly manifested as bilateral cerebellar ataxia, including limb ataxia, trunk ataxia and ataxia dysphonia, occasionally accompanied by eye movement disorders and diaphragmatic spasm.

The incidence of this syndrome is relatively low. The lesion is located at the midline of the midbrain and cerebral feet. Therefore, when patients with bilateral cerebellar ataxia appear clinically, craniocerebral MRI should be performed to confirm the diagnosis.

(2) Red nuclear thalamus syndrome:

The lesions were in the anterior half of the lateral thalamus nucleus, mostly due to occlusion of the thalamic perforating branch. Its clinical manifestations are: cerebellar ataxia, which is a ventral lateral nuclear disease, where the combined arm fibers generated by the cerebellum are interrupted here and cannot be projected into the central anterior gyrus motor area of the cerebral cortex, causing the cerebellum to lose control of the cerebral cortex. Intentional tremor: the same mechanism as above. Dance Xu movement-like movement: caused by anterior ventral nucleus damage, mostly transient. In addition to vascular disease, thalamic tumors can also cause red nuclear thalamic syndrome and other symptoms of thalamic tumors, such as increased intracranial pressure, eye symptoms, mental symptoms, and endocrine symptoms.