What Is a Mycorrhiza?
Mycorrhizal refers to the symbiosis of certain fungi and plant roots in the soil. The main role of mycorrhizal fungi is to expand the root absorption surface and increase the ability to absorb elements (especially phosphorus) outside the range of the original root hair. Mycorrhizal fungi mycelium extend to the soil around the roots and communicate with the host plant tissue. On the one hand, it absorbs organic substances such as sugars from the host plant as its own nutrition, and on the other hand it absorbs nutrients and water from the soil to supply the plant. .
- Mycorrhizal fungus refers to some fungi and plant roots in the soil
- According to the morphological and anatomical characteristics, mycorrhizae are divided into
- Mycorrhizal fungi can effectively promote the absorption of water and various mineral elements by plants, and increase the stress resistance of plants. At the ecosystem scale, mycorrhizal fungi are an important part of the ecosystem, and play an important role in the occurrence, succession, and flora of plant communities, and affect the ecology of plants in natural ecosystems. Learning process.
- 1.Effects on individual plant growth
- Mycorrhizal
- 1. Mycorrhizal seedlings and afforestation
- China is a large forestry country, but as the population continues to increase and the global ecological environment changes, the area covered by natural forests has decreased year by year. In the face of this serious problem, in recent years, China has increased the area of planted forests. In order to improve the survival rate of afforestation, researchers have proposed to use the symbiotic relationship between mycorrhizal fungi and forest trees to increase the success rate of adversity afforestation. . Mycorrhizal fungi are widely present in the soil of various ecosystems, and ectomycorrhizal fungi play an important role in forest ecosystems. The application of mycorrhizal afforestation and seedling afforestation technology has achieved preliminary results in improving China's forest coverage and maintaining the stability of forest ecosystems. The use of mycorrhizal seedlings can not only improve the survival rate of seedlings, improve the absorption and utilization of nutrient elements in the soil, promote the growth of seedlings, but also enhance the resistance of seedlings to plant diseases, drought, organic pollutants and heavy metal stress. The study found that inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi can increase the seed emergence rate, shorten the emergence time, and significantly increase the seedling height, ground diameter, lateral root number and dry weight of pine seedlings. Under Cu and Cd stress, inoculation of E. mycorrhizal fungi on Chinese pine not only promoted the growth and development of the host plant and increased the biomass, but also significantly reduced the concentration of heavy metals in the pine tree, and inhibited the transfer of heavy metals from the plant roots to the ground. Improve its resistance to heavy metal stress and increase the survival rate of afforestation. Inoculation of ectomycorrhizal fungi in acidified soil in southeastern Sichuan can increase the viability and aluminum resistance of masson pine in barren soil, and increase the coverage of local masson pine. The presence of ectomycorrhizal fungi can also enhance the ability of trees to resist stresses such as drought and disease, prevent or delay the growth decline of Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica plantation, and play an important role in maintaining the stability and biodiversity of forest ecosystems. effect. Forestry is an important part of China's economic development, and it is also an important public welfare and basic industry. The application of mycorrhizal technology to the development of China's forestry economy not only improves the quality of forest trees, but also is sustainable for the implementation of forestry economy. Development roads, ecological construction, and supply of forestry products all play important roles.
- 2.Edible fungus production
- China has rich resources of ectomycorrhizal fungi. With the continuous deepening of the edible or medicinal value of ectomycorrhizal fungi, more and more scholars are committed to the research of artificial cultivation technology of ectomycorrhizal fungi. The production of mycorrhizal edible fungi has formed a certain scale. Through the improvement of the original mycorrhizal synthesis substrate and method, the ectomycorrhizal fungi of Boletus edulis and Pinus massoniana seedlings have been effectively obtained, and it has been found that the use of artificial methods to promote mycorrhizal diversification of red mulberry forest can significantly improve Yield of Mycorrhizal Fungi Russula. It can be seen that with the continuous increase of people's demand for edible fungi, the value of ectomycorrhizal fungi and the development and protection of mycorrhizal resources will also receive more and more attention.
- To sum up, mycorrhizal fungi play an important role in the entire ecosystem. First, with regard to the effects of plant physiological characteristics, mycorrhizal fungi can promote the absorption and utilization of N, P, K and some trace elements by plants, improve the nutritional status of plants, and significantly increase the biomass and quality of plants. Secondly, for the effect of improving the plant's resistance to stress, mycorrhizal fungi can promote the absorption and utilization of nutrients and water by the plant, and improve the plant's ability to resist drought, disease and heavy metal pollution. Thirdly, mycorrhizal fungi also play an important role in ecological restoration and stabilization. Extramycorrhizal hyphae of mycorrhizal fungi can degrade organic pollutants in the environment into simple compounds and sugars that can be absorbed and utilized by special pathways. Etc .; Mycorrhizal fungi can also adsorb and fix heavy metals to accelerate the rate of reclamation in mining areas; In natural ecosystems, mycorrhizal fungi can maintain the stability of species resources in the ecological environment by promoting plant growth. [2]