What is a Wormhole?

The Wormhole, also known as the Einstein-Rosen Bridge, is also translated as a hole. It is the narrow tunnel that may exist in the universe that connects two different time and space. The wormhole was a concept first proposed by the Austrian physicist Ludwig Flem in 1916. It was assumed by Einstein and Nathan Rosen in the study of the gravitational field equation in 1930 that wormholes could be Transient space transfer or time travel.

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As early as the 1850s, some scientists have researched "wormholes". Due to the historical conditions at that time, some physicists believed that "wormholes" might be used in theory, but the "wormholes" were too attractive Will destroy everything that enters, so it is impossible to use in space navigation.

The possibility of "momentary movement" is like a space-time transition.

With the development of science and technology, new research has found that the super strong force field of the "wormhole" can be neutralized by "negative energy" to stabilize the "wormhole" energy field. Scientists believe that, relative to the "positive matter" that generates energy, "

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There are several versions of wormholes:

One is a tunnel in space, it s like a

Wormhole Distant Space-Time

According to foreign media reports, dark matter is one of the most elusive elements in the universe, and scientists are trying to find the latest evidence to match the mathematical model of space. However, so far, humans have not been able to directly see or detect its tracks. Physicists believe that mysterious matter fills a large number of empty areas in the universe, and materials such as planets and stars form this "thing". But a new study suggests that adding a small amount of dark matter to a supermassive black hole will create one of the strangest objects in the universe, the wormhole. Wormholes are content in fantasy novels, which theorists describe as a tunnel through time and space, which can connect two distant spaces in the universe.

Dr. Konstantinos Dimopoulos, a physicist at Lancaster University, said that in the center of some galaxies, densely distributed gas and dust are very bright around a supermassive black hole, emitting extremely strong light and heat, and a strong magnetic field from the black hole Sprayed out, affecting the characteristics of dark matter. Due to the agitated nucleus of a burning galaxy, Dr. Dimopoulos said that especially for one type of dark matter, the axons will be affected. These antimatter particles are thought to exist in the entire universe, interacting weakly with each other and helping to form the structure of the galaxy-like a layer of invisible mist permeating the galaxy.

Dr. Dimopoulos said that when concentrated in the center of galaxy agitation, the strong vortex magnetic field will have a strange effect, which will effectively switch to a state of negative energy. When this kind of dark matter appears around a supermassive black hole in the center of the galaxy, the three elements-supermassive black hole, spiral magnetic field, and axon dark matter-can combine to form a wormhole. Dr. Dimopoulos said the presence of negative-density matter and strong magnetic fields could force the appearance of wormholes in the center of "active galaxy nuclei." But physicists added that switching from supermassive black holes to stable wormholes could have a profound impact on how galaxies are formed and how they interact.

Wormholes, unlike black holes, can theoretically be unidirectional or bidirectional, and can cause matter to spray from one area of the universe to another. Because of the singularity of supermassive black holes, the wormhole will be a point where the universe is infinitely curved. Due to the negative density of antimatter, it will cause the axons to be "transformed" by the magnetic field, which will have a huge impact on the surrounding galaxies. Dr. Dimopoulos said that if dark matter is axon, it can be seen that advanced civilizations can generate artificial spiral magnetic fields, have corresponding characteristics to change the properties of local dark matter, and may produce wormholes. This may become a way to achieve interstellar or space travel. ^[8]

Wormhole Starry Sky Front

Exploring the starry sky is a long-lasting dream of mankind. On a clear night, whenever we look up, we see the stars. Since ancient times, the sky has aroused countless reveries of mankind with its unparalleled vastness, depth, beauty and mystery. The famous American science fiction TV series "Star Trek" has such a short but endless title: Space, the final frontier. When I first watched this TV series, this The inscription of the sentence with a magnetic voiceless voice left me a fascinating impression.

In ancient times, the way humans explored the starry sky was with the naked eye, and later they began to use telescopes, but the first step toward the starry sky was in 1957, when the first spacecraft launched by humans finally flew out. The atmosphere of our blue planet. Twelve years later, after humans left their footprints on the moon for three years, they launched the Pioneer 10 deep space probe to the solar system. In 1983, Pioneer 10 flew out of Neptune's orbit and became the first spacecraft launched by humans to leave the solar system.

German scientist finds wormhole wants to build "galactic"

In just over 20 years since the first spacecraft was launched by humans, Tsiolkovsky predicted that "human beings will first carefully move through the atmosphere and then conquer the entire space around the sun." It became a reality, and human beings' exploration of the starry sky was not rapid. However, this pace is still too slow compared to the endless starry sky. Pioneer 10, the pioneer who flew out of the solar system, is now gliding in a lonely space. How many years will it take for the next star to fly among the starry sky? The answer is two million years! At that time it will fly into Taurus, 68 light years away. [Note 3] The distance of 68 light-years is extremely huge relative to any scale on the earth, but compared to the center of the Milky Way galaxy far away from 30,000 light-years away, 2.2 million light-years away The Virgo cluster of galaxies far beyond 60 million light years away, as well as other distant objects, is undoubtedly insignificant. Human curiosity has no boundaries, but even if the speed of human spacecraft is many times faster, even close to the upper limit of physical speed-the speed of light, it is still extremely slow to measure in the distance of interstellar space,

So, is there any way to make the spacecraft break the speed limit in some way in disguise, so that it can cross those nearly infinitely distant distances in a short time? Science fiction novelists pioneered the wings of imagination,

Wormhole Travel Paradise

In 1985, Carl Sagan, a famous planetary astronomer at Cornell University in the United States, wrote a science fiction novel called Contact. Sagan's wisdom for exploring beyond Earth

Biology has a strong interest. One of the purposes of his guest science-fiction novelist was to raise funds for the SETI project in search of alien intelligent creatures. His novel was later made into a movie and earned him widespread popularity.

In his novel, Sagan tells a moving story: A female scientist named Ellie receives a stream of radio signals from intelligent creatures from an alien planet. After researching, she found that the string of signals contained a method of building a special device that could allow humans to meet the sender of the signal. After hard work, Ellie and her colleagues successfully built the device and passed this device. The device crossed the distant interstellar space and made the first contact with the intelligent creatures of the outer planet.

But what exactly did Ellie and her colleagues build using the methods provided by intelligent alien creatures to allow travelers to cross distant interstellar spaces? This is where Sagan needs a bold fantasy. His original vision was to use black holes. But Sagan is not an ordinary science fiction writer after all. His scientific background makes him hope that his science fiction does not contradict the known laws of physics as much as possible. So he called his old friend, Professor Kip S. Thorne of the California Institute of Technology. Thorn is an expert in gravitational theory, and Sagan asked him to do a technical assessment of his ideas. After thinking and rough calculations, Thorne quickly told Sagan that the black hole cannot be used as a tool for interstellar travel. He suggested that Sagan use the concept of wormhole. As far as I know, this is the first time that the term wormhole has been used in science fiction. Since then, various science fiction, movies, and TV series have adopted this term. Wormhole has gradually become the standard in science fiction stories. Terminology This is the fruit of a little communication between science fiction writers and physicists.

Sagan's exchange with Thorne not only brought a whole new term to science fiction, but also opened up a new field of research for physics. In physics, the concept of wormhole was first proposed by CW Misner and JA Wheeler in 1957, exactly the same year as the first spacecraft launched by humans. So what exactly is a wormhole? Why is it considered a tool for interstellar travel by science fiction writers? Let's use a simple example to explain: Everyone knows that it takes an arc to go from one point to another on the surface of an apple, but if a tapeworm worms out a wormhole between these two points You can walk straight between these two points through the wormhole, which is obviously closer than the original arc. Extending this analogy from the two-dimensional apple surface to the three-dimensional physical space is what physics scientists call wormholes. The wormhole can form a fast path between two points. It is exactly what science fiction novelists love wormholes. [Note 5]. As long as there are suitable wormholes, no matter how far away, it is possible to become close at hand, and Star Trekkers will no longer be restricted by the distance of space. In some science fiction stories, the highly advanced and civilized world uses wormholes for interstellar travel, just as we use highways to travel between towns today. In the famous American science fiction movie and TV series "Stargate" (Stargate), a device called "Stargate" left by humans on the earth using alien civilization can be used with many other devices. The "Stargate" on distant planets establish wormhole connections, which can send people and equipment to those distant planets almost instantaneously. Wormholes have become a paradise for interstellar travelers in science fiction stories.

However, the wormholes proposed by Misner and Wheeler are extremely small, and will disappear in a very short period of time, which will not become a channel for interstellar travel. After Sagan's novel was published, Thorne became very interested in wormholes and began to study wormholes in depth with his student Mike Morris. Unlike Misner and Wheeler, Thorne is interested in wormholes that can be used as interstellar travel channels. Such wormholes are called traversable wormholes.

Wormhole negative energy

So what kind of wormhole can become a traversable wormhole? One of the first conditions is that it must exist long enough not to disappear without waiting for the Star Trek to cross. Therefore the traversable wormhole must first be sufficiently stable. How can a wormhole exist stably? Thorne and Morris discovered a not very good result after research, that is, there must be some strange energy with negative energy in the wormhole! Why is there such a conclusion? That's because when the matter enters the wormhole, it converges inward, and when it leaves the wormhole, it scatters outward. This process of turning from convergence to scattering means that there is some repulsion in the depths of the wormhole. Since the gravitation of ordinary matter can only produce agglomeration, only negative energy matter can produce this repulsion. Therefore, if the wormhole is to be a channel for interstellar travel, it must have negative energy. This result by Thorne and Morris is the starting point for research into traversable wormholes.

Why aren't Thorn and Morris's results great? Because people have never observed any negative energy matter in the macro world. In fact, in physics people usually set the energy of a vacuum to zero. The so-called vacuum is nothing, and negative energy means "less" matter than a vacuum with nothing, which is almost a contradiction in classical physics.

But many things that classical physics couldn't do became possible with the development of quantum theory in the early twentieth century. The existence of negative energy is fortunately one such example. In quantum theory, vacuum is no longer nothing. It has a very complex structure, and a large number of virtual particle pairs are generated and annihilated every moment. In 1948, Dutch physicist Hendrik Casimir studied this virtual particle state between two parallel conductor plates in a vacuum, and found that they have less energy than ordinary vacuum, which indicates that A negative energy density appears between these two parallel conductor plates! On this basis, he found a weak interaction between such a pair of parallel conductor plates. His discovery was called the Kashmir effect. Nearly half a century later, in 1997, physicists experimentally confirmed this weak interaction, which indirectly provided evidence for the existence of negative energy. In addition to the Kashmir effect, since the 1970s and 1980s, physicists have also discovered the existence of negative energy in other areas of research.

Therefore, all kinds of exciting researches have shown that there appears to be negative energy matter in the universe. But unfortunately, all of these negative energy materials known to date are produced by quantum effects and are therefore extremely small. Taking the Casimireffect as an example, if the distance between the parallel plates is one meter, the density of the negative energy it produces is equivalent to one (negative mass) elementary particle per one billion cubic meters of volume. !! And the larger the distance, the smaller the density of negative energy. The negative energy densities produced by other quantum effects are similar. Therefore, the negative energy generated by quantum effects on any macroscale is negligible.

On the other hand, physicists have also estimated the amount of negative energy materials needed to maintain a traversable wormhole, and found that the larger the radius of the wormhole, the more negative energy materials are required. Specifically, the amount of negative energy material needed to maintain a wormhole with a radius of one kilometer is equivalent to the mass of the entire solar system.

If the existence of negative energy matter gives a glimmer of hope to the use of wormholes for interstellar travel, then these more specific research results have poured such hope into a pitiless cold water. Because on the one hand, all the effects known to date to produce negative energy materials are quantum effects, the negative energy materials produced are extremely small, even when measured on a microscopic scale. On the other hand, the negative energy material required to maintain any wormhole in a macro sense is an astronomical number! The huge gap between the two undoubtedly casts a heavy shadow on the prospect of wormholes.

Wormhole Adventure Hell

Although the numbers may seem frustrating, don't forget that when we talk about wormholes, we are talking about a science fiction topic. Since it's a topic of science fiction, let's take a more optimistic look. Even if we don't have the ability to build wormholes ourselves, there may be other civilizations in the universe that have the ability to build wormholes, as in the story of Stargate. Even if no one has the ability to build wormholes, there may be natural wormholes somewhere in the vast universe. So let's suppose that one day in the future humans really build or discover a wormhole with a radius of one kilometer.

Can we use it for interstellar travel?

At first glance, a wormhole with a radius of one kilometer seems to be sufficient to meet the requirements of interstellar travel, because such a radius is sufficient on a geometric scale to allow a considerable amount of interstellar spacecraft to pass. People who have watched science fiction movies may have been impressed by the stunt handling of interstellar spacecraft through wormholes. From the screen, the spaceship is filled with infinite and gorgeous visual illusions composed of starlight and radiation from a distant sky. It seems that the spacecraft passes through a narrow passage in time and space.

But the actual situation is far more complicated than this fantasy. In fact, in order to allow spacecraft and occupants to safely cross the wormhole, the geometric radius is not the main problem faced by interstellar travellers. According to the general theory of relativity, matter encounters a very difficult problem in areas that pass through highly curved structures such as wormholes, and that is tension. This is caused by the uneven distribution of the gravitational field throughout space, and a familiar expression of it is the tides in the ocean. Due to this tension, when the interstellar spacecraft approaches the wormhole, the crew on the spacecraft will gradually feel that their body is stretched in the direction along the wormhole, and in the direction perpendicular to it Feeling squeezed. This feeling is caused by the unevenness of the wormhole's gravitational field. At first, this tension was only slightly uncomfortable, but as the spacecraft approached the wormhole, this tension would increase rapidly, and each time the distance was reduced by a tenth, this tension would increase by about a thousand times. When the spacecraft is one thousand kilometers away from the wormhole, this tension has exceeded the limit that the human body can bear. If the spacecraft does not rush back at this time, all the passengers will be killed by the deadly tension. Fly forward a further distance, the spacecraft itself will disintegrate under the action of terrible tension, and in the end, the crazy increase in tension will tear the spaceship and the crew that have become fragments into a long series of subatomic particles. Flying from the other end of the wormhole is this long string of subatomic particles whose origin can no longer be discerned!

This is the end of an interstellar explorer attempting to travel through a wormhole with a radius of one kilometer. The one-kilometer wormhole is not a paradise for travellers, but a hell for explorers.

Therefore, for a wormhole to become a traversable wormhole, an obvious further requirement is that the tension that the spacecraft and its occupants pass through the wormhole must be very small. The calculation shows that this requirement is only in the case of the extremely large wormhole radius. To be satisfied [Note 6]. So how big is the wormhole that can be used as a channel for interstellar travel? Calculations show that a wormhole with a radius of less than one light-year creates enough tension on the spacecraft and its occupants to destroy the atomic structure of matter, which cannot be experienced by any solid spacecraft, let alone the fragile spacecraft occupants. Therefore, for a wormhole to become a traversable wormhole, its radius must be much larger than one light-year.

Wormhole Science Fiction Reality

But on the other hand, although it is a huge degree to measure a light-year with daily distance, it is not surprising to measure it with interstellar distance. The linearity of our Milky Way galaxy is about 100,000 times that. If there is a wormhole between the Milky Way galaxy and the Andromeda Nebula, which is 2.2 million light-years away, it is just a very very linear one Tiny channel. So will there really be such a channel in the interstellar space around us, but it has not been discovered yet? the answer is negative. Because the one amazing thing about a wormhole with a radius of one year is not its linearity, but the amount of negative energy material needed to maintain it. Calculations show that the amount of negative energy material required to maintain such a wormhole is equivalent to a hundred times the sum of the masses of all the luminous stars in the entire galaxy! The gravitational effect of such a wormhole will be far more significant than the gravitational effect of the entire galaxy. If this wormhole exists in the interstellar space near us, the material movement in the surrounding millions of light years will be significantly affected. We have long found its traces in its gravitational field.

So not only is it impossible to build traversable wormholes on Earth, it is almost impossible to have traversable wormholes in the entire interstellar space near us without being discovered.

From this point of view, we have only one possibility left to discuss, is it possible to have wormholes in other distant corners of the universe? For this problem, we may never know the exact result, because the universe is too big. But the amount of negative energy matter required to maintain observable wormholes is almost the answer. So far, humans have never found negative energy matter on any macroscopic scale. All experimental methods that produce negative energy matter use weak quantum effects. In order to be able to maintain a traversable wormhole, there must be some mechanism to bring together the weak negative energy materials produced by the quantum effect to a sufficient amount. But can negative energy matter be brought together? Physicists have done some theoretical research in this area, and the results show that it is impossible for the negative energy matter produced by the quantum effect to converge without limit. The more negative energy matter accumulates, the less time it can exist. Therefore, a wormhole is unstable without negative energy materials, and too many negative energy materials will be unstable! So what kind of wormhole is stable? Preliminary calculations show that only wormholes with a line size that is more than twenty orders of magnitude smaller than that of the atom are stable!

This series of results is undoubtedly very cold. If these results are true, the possibility of traversing the wormhole will be basically ruled out, and all those beautiful science fiction stories will become mirrors and flowers. Fortunately (or unfortunately), many of the results described above are based on physical theories that are more advanced-and therefore relatively immature. Whether future research will fundamentally shake these theories and completely overturn many of the results we have introduced above is still unknown. Taking a step back, even if those physical theories are basically valid, many of the results described above are only approximate results or special cases derived from those theories. For example, many results assume that the wormhole is spherically symmetric. In fact, the wormhole can be of other shapes. The amount of negative energy required by different shapes of wormholes is different. All this shows that even if those physical theories really hold, the conclusions we mentioned above may not be complete.

The way to open it is to resonate. Using the principle of mutual attraction between matter, the two space-time wormholes attract the positive and negative energy of each other to open it.

Stephen Hawking, a famous British physicist, acknowledged the existence of aliens, and then spoke amazingly. He discusses time travel in a documentary, showing that "time machines" are not scientifically impossible. For example, if a spacecraft can fly through the space at a speed close to the speed of light, it can allow its passengers to enter the future. He pointed out that in the Large Hadron Collider underground in Switzerland, humans have accelerated particles to run near the speed of light.

Wormhole "wormhole" is all around

When physicist Hawking filmed a documentary about the universe, he pointed out that there are probably two ways to enter the future. The first is through a so-called "wormhole." Hawking emphasized that wormholes are all around, but are so small that they are hard to see with the naked eye, they exist in the cracks in space and time. Just like in 3 degree space, there are tiny cracks in time, and the space smaller than molecules and atoms is named "quantum foam", and wormholes exist in it. However, Hawking said that these tunnels are too small for humans to pass through, but one day they may be able to grab a wormhole and enlarge it infinitely, or they may build a huge wormhole in the future.

Hawking pointed out that in theory, a time tunnel or a wormhole can not only take humans to other planets. If the ends of the wormhole are at the same location and are separated by time instead of distance, then the spaceship can fly in, and it will still be close to the earth after flying Just enter the so-called "distant past". However, Hawking also pointed out that the time machine cannot go back to the past, because going back to the past violates the basic cause and effect theory.

In addition, Hawking also said that if scientists can build a spacecraft close to the speed of light, the spacecraft will inevitably slow down the time in the cabin because it cannot violate the rule that the speed of light is the maximum speed limit, and a week of flight is equivalent to ground The past 100 years is equivalent to flying into the future.

Wormhole flying near the speed of light

The fastest manned aircraft in history is the " Apollo X. " It reached 25,000 miles per hour. But if you want to travel in time, you have to be more than 2,000 times faster. A huge machine is needed to carry a large amount of fuel. The spacecraft will keep accelerating, and within a week, it can reach the outer planet. After two years, it can reach half the speed of light and fly out of the solar system. In another two years it will reach 90% of the speed of light, about thirty trillion miles away from Earth. Four years after launch, the spacecraft will begin to cross the future. For every hour spent on the spacecraft, two hours will be spent on Earth.

After two more years of full-power travel, the spacecraft will reach its highest speed, which is 99% of the speed of light. At this speed, one day on the spacecraft is equal to one year on Earth. At this time, the spacecraft really flew into the future.

Other physicists support Hawking's theory, including Brian Cox, a professor of particle physics at the University of Manchester. Cox said, "When particles are accelerated using the Large Hadron Collider to reach 99% of the speed of light, the time elapsed by the particles elapses at a rate of one thousandth of their time. Decades in space, on Earth 2.5 million years may have passed. "

But unfortunately, the discussion about wormholes has not been confirmed experimentally.

Wormholes connect black holes

New NASA scientific research data show that black hole celestial bodies are likely to be wormholes that produce other universes. If this is indeed the case, it will help unravel a quantum puzzle called the black hole information paradox, but critics think it may also raise new questions, such as how wormholes were originally formed.

A black hole is a celestial body with a strong gravitational field inside. Such strong gravitational force makes it impossible for even light to escape. Einstein's theory of general relativity holds that black holes form when matter is squeezed into very small spaces. Although black holes cannot be directly observed, astronomers have identified many celestial bodies that are likely to be black holes, mainly based on observations of matter surrounding them.

Astrophysicist Thibault Damour of the French Institute of Advanced Sciences and Sergey Solodukhin of the International University of Bremen, Germany believe that these black hole objects may be called wormholes Structure.

Wormholes are curved passages connecting two different places in space-time weaving. If you imagine the universe as two-dimensional paper, a wormhole is the "throat" channel that connects this piece of paper to another piece of paper. In this case, another piece of paper might be another separate universe, with its own stars, galaxies, and planets. Damour and Solodukin studied the possible situation of the wormhole and were surprised to find that it was so similar to a black hole that it was almost impossible to distinguish the difference between the two.

Hawking radiation

The matter rotates around the wormhole in the same way as the black hole, because the way they twist the spacetime around them is the same. It has been proposed to use Hawking radiation to distinguish the two. Hawking radiation refers to light from black holes and particle radiation, which have the characteristics of energy spectrum. But this radiation is so weak that it may be completely obliterated by other sources, such as the cosmic microwave background radiation remaining after the Big Bang, so observing Hawking radiation is almost impossible.

Another possible difference is that the wormhole may not have the horizon of a black hole. This means that matter can enter the wormhole or come out again. In fact, theorists claim that there is a type of wormhole that wraps itself, so it does not create an entrance to another universe, but returns to its own entrance.

Brave game

Even so, there is no easy way to test this. Depending on the specific shape of the wormhole, it may take billions of years for material to fall out of the wormhole. Even if the shape of the wormhole is perfect, the oldest wormhole in the universe has not yet "spit out" any material.

It seems that there is only one way to explore the astronomical black hole, and that is to take a brave leap. This is definitely a dangerous game for the brave, because if you jump into a black hole, its powerful gravitational field will tear every atom of our body; even if you are lucky to enter a wormhole, the strong internal gravity is fatal.

Assuming you can survive and the wormhole happens to be asymmetric, you will find yourself on the other side of the other universe. Before you can see clearly, this wormhole may suck you back to the entrance of the universe you started from.

Yo-Yo

"The spacecraft can do this kind of yo-yo," Damour said, "(but) if you use your own fuel, you can escape from the gravity of the wormhole," and then explore the universe on the other side.

But friends on this side of the universe may have to wait billions of years to see you again, because the time spent walking through the wormhole will be very long. Such delays make effective communication on both sides of the wormhole almost impossible. If microscopic wormholes can be discovered or constructed, this delay could be as short as a few seconds, says Solodukkin, which potentially supports bilateral communications.

Stephen Hsu of the University of Oregon Eugene, who studies the characteristics of black hole formation and wormholes, also believes that it is almost impossible to distinguish between black holes and wormholes using observations, at least using current technology is impossible. of.

Foreign matter

"The most important characteristic of a black hole is the critical point of" falling back or not "of objects falling into the black hole, and we cannot test it at this time." Stephen said. But the celestial bodies currently considered as black holes may indeed be black holes instead of worm holes, and this situation is not impossible. There are many possible scenarios for the formation of black holes, such as the collapse of massive stars, but how wormholes are formed is still unknown.

Wormholes may be different from black holes in the macro. It requires some foreign matter to keep itself stable, and it is unknown whether this foreign matter really exists.

Sorodukin believes that wormholes may be formed in much the same way as black holes, for example, from a collapsing star. In this scenario, physicists generally thought that black holes would be produced, but Soloudinkin believed that the quantum effect might prevent the process of collapse to form a black hole, and instead formed a wormhole.

Micro black hole

Sorodukin claims that this mechanism will be inevitable under a more complete physics theory, which unifies the theory of gravity and quantum mechanics, which has been a long-standing dream and goal in physics. If this theory is correct, wormholes may form where we thought black holes would form.

And this conjecture is not that there is no way to test it. Some physicists think that future particle accelerator experiments will be able to generate microscopic black holes. Such microscopic black holes may emit calculable Hawking radiation to prove that black holes were generated instead of wormholes. But if Sorodukin's conjecture is correct, then a microscopic wormhole will form, so no radiation will be generated. "You can tell whether a black hole or a wormhole is generated by such a simple test."

Another advantage of wormholes is that they can solve the so-called black hole information paradox. The only thing a black hole can release is Hawking radiation, but how these Hawking radiation will carry the original information that originally fell into the black hole celestial body is unclear. This chaotic effect conflicts with quantum mechanics, which prohibits the loss of this information.

"Theoretically, a wormhole is much better than a black hole, so it will not lose information," Solodukin said. Because the wormhole has no horizon, objects do not need to be converted into Hawking radiation to leave the wormhole automatically, so there is no problem of information loss.