What is Order Carnivora?

Carnivora is a group of mammals, commonly known as beasts or carnivores. Carnivora teeth are sharp and strong, with carnivorous teeth (split teeth), that is, the last premolar in the upper jaw and the first molar in the lower jaw. The two large tooth tips of the upper split tooth and the two large tooth tips outside the lower split tooth have a semi-slanted position during occlusion. The more bite, the tighter it becomes like a scissors, which can cut the ligaments and cartilage. Canine teeth are unusually thick, long and pointed, sharp and puncture.

Carnivora now has 250 species in 11 families, 89 genera. China has 7 families, 24 genera and 56 species

Carnivores are only found in

Carnivora ^[2] (for classifications, please refer to the reference page to verify)

Black bear (4 photos)

Caniformia

All carnivorous orders except cats. There are 9 subjects.

Ailuridae

There are 1 genera and 1 species, divided into 1 subfamily: the subfamily Ailuridae. It is mainly distributed in sub-alpine jungles in the southwestern region of China (Tibet, Yunnan, Sichuan) at an altitude of 2000 to 3000 meters. It is also found in India, Nepal, Bhutan, and northern Myanmar. , Commonly known as "nine-tailed fox", "nine-section wolf".

Canidae

There are 36 genera in 13 genera. Divided into 2 subfamilies: Caninae, Vulpini. Except for Antarctica and most islands, they are distributed all over the world. There are 4 genera and 6 species in China. The body is medium and well-proportioned, with long limbs and toes, which is good for fast running. The head is sharp, the face is long, the nose is prominent, the ears are pointed and upright, the sense of smell is good, and the hearing is developed. Canine teeth and split teeth are well developed; the upper molars have a pronounced cusp, the inside of the lower molars has a small cusp and heel tip; the molar crown has a diameter greater than the height of the lateral incisors; the tooth pattern is. Hair is thick and long, usually without pattern. Forefoot 4 to 5 toes, hind feet generally 4 toes; claws are thick and blunt, can not stretch or slightly stretch. Hairy tail, generally developed. Good at running fast and long distances. Most carnivores feed on herbivores and rodents; some carrion, plants or omnivores. Dog (Canis lupus familiari) is one of the earliest domesticated domestic animals. It was first domesticated by wolves Canis lupus, jackal, Cuon alpinus and so on. Red fox Vulpes vulpes, Arctic fox Alopex lagopus, and Nyctereutes procyonoides are precious fur beasts.

Skunk family Mephitidae

There are 12 species in 4 genera. Divided into 1 subfamily: Skunk subfamily Mephitinae. Known for its ability to emit stinking self-defense, the Mustelidae also have this ability, but the skunk has a very strong odor. The skunk has a stout body, looks like a tadpole and is small, with long tails and fluffy tail hairs. Skunks are omnivorous, mainly insectivorous, and also eat fruit or larger animals. The anal glands can cast extremely strong odors. It is relatively stout, with a small tail and a fluffy tail. Distributed in the Americas and Southeast Asia.

Mustelidae

There are 59 genera in 22 genera, divided into 5 subfamilies: Lutrinae, subfamily Otteridae, Melinae, subfamily Melivorinae, Mustelinae, subfamily Taxidiinae. Distributed in Eurasia, Africa and the Americas. There are 21 genera in 10 genera in China. Small and medium-sized mammals with slender bodies and short limbs. The head is narrow and long, the ears are generally short and round, and the sense of smell and hearing are sensitive. The canine teeth are more developed and the split teeth are smaller; the upper molars are horizontal, the inner lobe is wider than the outer lobe; the molar crown is larger than the lateral incisor height. Body hair is soft and mostly non-marked. Both front and back feet have 5 fingers (toes); lameness or semi-limbiness; claws are sharp and non-stretchable. The tail is generally slender and pointed, and some species have thicker tails, such as otters and cormorants. Most have an odorous gland near the anus, which can emit odors to drive the enemy to defend themselves. There are various lifestyles, including arboreal (Marten), semi-aquatic (Otter, sea otter), cave dwelling () and so on. Succulent food, mainly feeding on rodents, bird eggs and young, fish, insects; a few omnivorous. Many species are precious fur beasts. ^[1]

Odobenidae

There are 1 genus and 1 species, divided into 1 subfamily: Odobenidae of the walrus subfamily. Distributed in the Arctic Ocean. It is named after its upper canine, which is 30 to 40 cm long, that protrudes outside the mouth to form cavities. The male body is 330-360 cm in length and weighs about 1000-1300 kg. The female body is about 300 cm in length and weighs only half as much as the male. The body is spindle-shaped; the skin is thick and thick, and the subcutaneous fat is 10-15 cm thick. It is thick and fin-shaped, and can be moved on land by the support of flippers; the neck is thick and the kisses have many bristles. Live in groups, with a constant number of 10 or 100-200. He is awkward on land, but is more active in the water, strong and good at swimming, and can stay in the water for a long time before breathing on the surface. Fangs are a weapon of self-defense and can be used to climb ice hills and dig for food. Clams, clams, shrimps, crabs, etc. are excavated from the beach mud as staple food, sometimes fish and tender plants in the water are eaten, and seals are even eaten. The food is large, and can eat 50 kg of fish per day. Herd instincts are strong. When attacked by hunting and hunting boats, they can jointly defend or even cover them. The number is gradually scarce, and the distribution has narrowed to the coasts or ice floes near the polar regions.

Otariidae

There are 16 species in 7 genera. Divided into 2 subfamilies: fur seal subfamily Arctocephalinae, sea lion subfamily Otarriinae. Mainly distributed in temperate seas. Marine carnivores, spindle-shaped; teeth are similar to terrestrial carnivores, but canine teeth, split teeth, and other differentiation is not obvious; limbs are fin-shaped, most of them are hidden under the skin, and the hind legs are far behind the body and the developed tail is connected Together they are the main swimming organs; there are webs between the toes, the first toe of the forelegs is the longest, and the first and fifth toes of the hind legs are more flexible than the three-toed long land in the center. It feeds mainly on various fish. There is a significant difference in size between male and female, males are generally about twice as large as females. Mating, nurturing and moulting on island shores or on ice floes during breeding. Many clusters, one male and multiple female system, males often fight each other for mate. There are 2 genera and 2 species in China. The North Sea Lion (Eultopias jubatus) is located in the North Pacific Ocean. It is the northernmost and largest one. The male can weigh up to 1 ton. Callorhinus ursinus, a fur seal, is distributed on the coast of the North Pacific Ocean. The fur is of good quality. It is called sea dragon skin in China. The penis of a male animal is a valuable Chinese medicine called a fur seal kidney or a umbilical cord. Endangered. Some species are common performing animals in aquariums.

Seal family Phocidae

There are 13 genera and 19 species. Divided into 2 subfamilies: Monachinae subfamily of seals, Phocinae subfamily of seals. The body is fat and round, with a thick fat layer under the skin and a spindle shape; the head is round, the neck is thick, and there is no outer ear shell on the head; Always backward, so you cannot walk after landing; teeth are sharp. In the water, you can rise to the surface to breathe, and you can swim in the pitch. However, after landing, you can move slowly and awkwardly. You can only creep and drag and move forward. Fish is the main food, and shellfish are also eaten. Breeding on the coast, islands or ice blocks, one litter per litter, the newborn cubs are often white and have a natural protective color. There are 3 genera and 3 species in China. The harbor seal (Phoca largha) is the most common species along the coast of Liaoning, Shandong, and other provinces in China. It has a length of 1 to 1.5 meters and weighs 50 kg. Both seal skin and oil can be used, so they are often hunted and the number is reduced. Elephant seal Mirounga leonina is the largest species. The male body is 6 meters long, weighs 3 tons, and has a 30 cm long nose. It can stretch freely and is distributed in the South Pacific and Antarctic. ^[1]

Procyonidae

There are 13 genera in 6 genera. Divided into 2 subfamilies: Raccoon subfamily Procyoninae, honey bear subfamily Potosinae. Distributed in the Americas. Most types of food are named after they are dipped in water before eating. Smaller in size, with tails longer than half of the body length; molars 2/2, their upper split teeth have larger primary and secondary tips. The molars are mostly square or rectangular, with a semi-closed upper fossa of the external auditory meatus. Raccoon Procyon lotor has a body length of 65 to 75 cm, a tail length of 25 cm, and a body weight of 7 to 9 kg. The color of the whole body is gray-brown mixed with black eye spots on the face. There are multiple black and white ring patterns on the tail. Similar to bears. Eat a variety of fruits, vegetables, fish, frogs, rats, birds and insects. Dormant nests during the day and come out for food at night. Hi prey on fish, shrimp and insects near the stream and in the valley. Also love the tree, with the tree hole as a nest. The number of litters in spring is 4-5. In the cold north, there is a hibernation habit.

Ursidae

There are 8 genera in 5 genera. Divided into 3 subfamilies: Panda subfamily Ailuropodinae, Spectacled bear subfamily

Brown bear (6 photos)

Family Tremarctinae, Ursinae Ursinae. Distributed in Eurasia, North Africa and the Americas. There are 5 genera in 4 genera in China. The body is thick and plump, with a long snout, a very short tail, a body length of 1.5 to 2 meters, and a weight of about 100 to 400 kilograms. The limbs are thick and strong, and the fore and hind limbs are 5 toes, limp, and the entire foot is grounded And OK. They are mostly omnivorous. They feed on grass, tender shoots, moss, berries and nuts. They also capture frogs, crabs and fish, dig rat rodents, dig out bird eggs, magpies eat ants, steal honey, and even attack small ones. Deer, sheep or foraging carrion. Temperate and frigid species have a hibernation habit, which is called long-term semi-sleep, inactivity in the dormant cave, reduced metabolism, slowed breathing rate, but not significantly decreased body temperature, waken up in case of shock, and occasional cave activities. The hibernation cave is located in a sheltered hillside or dead tree cave in Xiangyang, and can last for 4 to 5 months. Pregnant female bears give birth in the hibernation hole, and bring the newborn cubs out of the hole the next year. Except for the hibernation period, there is no fixed habitat, and during the non-estrous mating period, both females and males move independently. In traditional Chinese medicine, bear bile is used as medicine. In recent years, domestic black bears have been surgically drained to obtain bear bile. Although the solution to the problem of drug source has been effective, the truth is terrible.

Polar bear (10 photos)

Pinnipedia

In the past, it was single-headed, namely Pinnipedia. All are now classified as 3 families under the canine suborder. That is, the walrus family, sea lion family and seal family have spindle-shaped or streamlined body, densely covered with short hair on the surface, round head, and short neck. The limbs have 5 toes, and the toes are generally claws. The toes are connected to the fins by a thick web, which is suitable for swimming. The pinna is small or absent. There are movable valves in the nose and ears, which can be closed during diving when the nostrils and external ear canal are closed. Mouth large with cilia around. The teeth are one-tooth, and the teeth are not significantly differentiated. Living in water for most of my life, except for a few species, only on land or ice during mating, littering and moulting. The subcutaneous fat is extremely thick to maintain body temperature. Sensitive to hearing, vision, and smell. It has the ability to locate echoes underwater. The heart rate slows down when diving, which is equivalent to only 1/10 of the normal heart rate. The diving time can last from 5 to 20 minutes. Is a male and female type. Carnivorous, non-cracked, mostly swallow food without chewing, staple fish, shellfish and mollusks. Distributed in the cold and temperate oceans in the northern and southern hemispheres.

Felidia

Relative to terrestrial carnivores of the Canine suborder. There are 6 subjects.

Anteater, Eulerinae

There are 7 genera and 8 species, and they are divided into 2 subfamilies: Eulerinae and Galidiinae. It is a species native to Madagascar among the mammalian carnivores. Among them, the four genera of the family Galidiinae originally belonged to the family Herpestidae , and the three genera of the family Euantrinae were originally classified as civet Family ( Viverridae ).

Felidae

There are 36 genera in 14 genera, divided into 2 subfamilies: the feline subfamily Felinae and the pantherinae subfamily Pantherinae. Distributed in the cold to tropical regions of Eurasia, Africa, and the Americas (Domestic cat Fscatus domesticated by feral cat Felis silvestris has been artificially taken to the world, and many have become invasive species) There are 13 genera in 4 genera in China. The body is medium and large, with a uniform body, long limbs, and toes. The head is large and round, the kiss is short, and the sense of sight, hearing, and smell are well developed. Canine teeth and split teeth are extremely developed; upper split teeth have three-pointed tips, and lower split teeth have two-pointed tips; molars are more degenerate and the diameter of the crown is smaller than the height of the outer incisors; The fur is soft and often has a pronounced pattern. 5 toes on forefoot, 4 toes on hindfoot; sharp, retractable claws (cheetah claws cannot be fully retracted). The tail is generally more developed. Most are good at climbing and jumping. Most like to live alone. Carnivorous, often ambush to kill other warm-blooded animals. The tiger Panthera tigeris is distributed in Asia and has 8 subspecies, of which 3 species have become extinct, and the South China tiger (Chinese tiger) Patamoyensi, which is a special product of China, has also been basically extinct in the wild.

Herpestidae

There are 14 genera and 33 species, divided into 1 subfamily: Herpesnidae. Distributed in the tropical and temperate regions of the old continent, especially in Africa, there are 9 species in Madagascar alone. The body is large and slender, with only four toes on the hind feet, short limbs, glandular sacs, skull shape and teeth that are closer to those of the dog family, but the original cusp of the upper fissure is larger and there is a more developed anterior appendix. The molars are 2/2, the upper molars are transverse, and the inner lobe is narrower than the outer edge. It feeds on small animals, and some species are famous for venomous snakes. Some African salamanders, such as suricate (thintail, meerkat) and Suricata suricata, are one of the most powerful mammals in Africa. Fine-tailed vigilance is common, and there are often some "sentinels" in the group who stand up to be vigilant. There are 2 genera and 2 species in our country: Javan pheasant (Red-cheeked pheasant) Herpestes javanicus and Crab-eater Herpestes urva, both of which are distributed in Southeast Asia and are found in the south of China.

Hyaenidae

There are 3 genera and 4 species, which are divided into 2 subfamilies: Hyenaenidae Hyyaeninae and Coyote Protelinae. Distributed in Africa and India. Dog-like shape, long neck, short hind limbs compared to forelimbs, short body, shoulder height and low hips; long hyena on the dorsal midline behind the neck; large teeth with thick conical premolars, cracked teeth development, and molar degradation . The jaw is thick and strong and can bite the bone. The evolutionary backbone is in the Paleo-Northern Territory and Africa. During the Miocene, there was an early specialization of the Hyena species; during the Late Miocene, hyenas flourished; the Neogene Eocene appeared, and one of the leopard hyenas entered North America through the Bering Land Bridge. Hyenas ( , striped hyenas) are relatively small, with stripes all over their bodies, mostly living alone, relying on their developed sense of smell for carrion. The brown hyena (brown hyena), Hyaena brunnea, is relatively large in size and is located on the southwest coast of Africa. It often visits beaches for crabs and fish. The spotted hyena Crocuta crocuta is only found in Africa. It has a large body and hunts in groups. In addition to carrion, it can hunt antelope. Coyote Proteles cristatus is a specialized anteater. ^[1]

Nandiniidae

There are 1 genus and 1 species, divided into 1 subfamily: Nandiniidae. Also known as the African coconut cat, it is a small mammal distributed in Africa. It is the only species in the Nandiniidae family. It mainly feeds on the fruits of plants and also eats small animals such as insects.

Viperidae

There are 15 genera and 35 species, which are divided into 4 subfamilies: subfamily Hemigalinae, palm raccoon family Paradoxurinae, forest raccoon family Prionodontinae, and civet subfamily Viverrinae. Mainly distributed in the tropics and subtropics of Africa and southern Asia. The body is large and slender, with only four toes on the hind feet, short limbs, glandular sacs, skull shape and teeth that are closer to those of the dog family, but the original cusp of the upper split tooth is larger, and there is a more developed anterior appendix. The molars are 2/2, the upper molars are transverse, and the inner lobe is narrower than the outer edge. Living on the edge of tropical and subtropical forests, nesting in caves and tree caves. Nocturnal, predatory small animals, and eat plant fruits. Both males and females have well-developed aromatic glandular sacs in the perineum. Males produce more than twice as much as females. They are often rubbed on small tree stumps or stones as a sign of occupation. The main chemical composition of civet cat is 17 macrocyclic ketones jujube citron, which is an essential fixative for the preparation of advanced fragrances, especially the African civet Civettictis civetta, the big civet Viverra zibetha and the small civet Viverra indica. Artificial feeding

Lion tiger (19 photos)

support.