What is seismic data processing?

Data seismic processing includes compilation, organization and conversion of wave signals into a visual map of areas below Earth's surface. This technique requires rendering points and elimination of interference. Suddenly seismic processing required sending information to a remote computer laboratory for analysis. Currently, laptops equipped with seismic software allow geophysics to enter and manipulate data on site.

Explosions of explosives or vibration machines that occur during hydrocarbon survey or geological oil studies, produce waves that travel on the ground and can cause it to move. Studies of marine geology use air weapons that create pressure waves. Surrounding these devices are a number of geophones or hydrophones that receive waves reflecting from the subsurface, convert them to an electrical signal and record the time of acceptance. A specific area may receive hundreds or thousands of explosions after a predetermined TIME period.

raw processingCH seismic data obtained from geophones requires the software to calculate the distance, time and speed. As a computer, it performs seismic data processing, points are plotted into two and three -dimensional graphs. These coordinates often show the distance from the sound production device to geophones. Other points are the time of traveling the wave from its point of origin to geophones. The display also illustrates the depth that waves reach the surface before the reflection.

After collecting the raw data and designing the required calculations, the software for seismic data processing can generate a two -dimensional reflective graph. By performing geometric calculations based on depth and time, the program can create a three -dimensional representation of the area. Geologists can also use colors to indicate different depths or for distortion between layers. These pictures often require fine fine -tuning.

deconvolution, in the case ofCreating seismic data, shortens reflective waves and reduces the ghost effect that can occur due to instrumentation, reverberations or multiple reflections. This function generally shows a more clearly defined layer. The mute function eliminates areas composed of mostly noise or perhaps refraction of overlapping reflections. The speed analysis filters clean the image by distinguishing between the actual wave signal and noise based on the frequency and velocity of the wave.

Using travel time, wave speed and the number of reflected waves, geophysicists can determine the density, reference and saturation of the substrate fluids. The denser formation of the rock, the faster the waves travel and the porous rock slows the wave travel. Similarly, waves pass through rapid areas filled with water, but slowly air or gas pockets.