What is the basement membrane?
4 epithelium is a type of tissue that forms glands and differs in the internal and outer surfaces of the organs and structures throughout the body. The endothelium is a type of specialized tissue that covers the inner surface of the blood vessels. Part of this membrane, basal lamina, is excreted by epithelial cells that exceed it. The reticular layer lies inside the basal laminate and is composed of fibrous tissue. For example, there are three main layers in the skin: the outer epidermis layer , which consists of epithelial cells and includes a part of the skin that is visible; Medium dermis , composed of connective tissue; and deeper subcutaneous layer. Between the epidermis and the dermis, the thezal membrane is lying, which maintains the outer layer held close to the lower layer.
The second function of the basal membrane is the function of the protective barrier against foreign objects or malignant cells. Epithelial tissue often lines parts of the body that are in contact with outsideA more environment such as the interior of the stomach where food or skin passes. The hard, semi -transparent nature of this membrane acts as a filter to prevent unwanted objects to enter the body's internal reach. In this way, it can also help contain defective or malignant cells.
In the blood vessels, the basal membrane also helps with angiogenesis or the production of new blood vessels from existing. During this process of endothelium, which lines the interior of the blood vessel where blood flows, enzymes exclude enzymes into the membrane. Enzymes decompose tissue so that endothelial cells can migrate out, multiply and form a new container. However, a new basal membrane must be created before the new container can flow in the new container.
Glomerular basal membrane is a particularly important example of tissue function as a filter. Glomerulus is a bundle of capillaries found in the kidney nephron, where the liquid parts of the blood are emptied so that they are cleaned and returned to the bloodstream. Glomerular basement membrane lining of these capillaries is SPEcibly designed to choose which parts of the blood are filtered and which components remain in the blood vessel. These membranes negatively charged and particularly strong allow small ions or negatively charged molecules and fluid to pass while maintaining large molecules and positive molecules such as proteins.
Several pathologies can cause weakness or failure in basement membranes. Anti-glomerular basement membrane diseases, also known as GoodPasture's symbol, are a rare autoimmune disease in which the body forms antibodies that attack type IV collagen found in the glomerular and alveolar membranes, leading to rapidly progressive kidney failure and lung damage. The causes are definitely not known, but probably include virus, genetics and chemical exposure.
genetic mutations in the collagen of basement membranes can cause alport syndrome, which often leads to kidney failure. The most common symptom of disorder is blood in urine or hematuria. Because it is associated with X chromosome, alport syndrome is more common in men than in women.