What Is the National Do Not Call Registry?

Roaming is the name of a mobile phone service, and pinyin is màn yóu. Refers to the function by which a mobile communication system can still provide services to a mobile station after it leaves the service area where it is registered and moves to another service area.

roaming

(Mobile phone business)

Roaming is the name of a mobile phone service, and pinyin is màn yóu. Refers to the function by which a mobile communication system can still provide services to a mobile station after it leaves the service area where it is registered and moves to another service area.

Like Big Brother, it can roam between different base stations, and wireless network workstations can also roam between different APs. As long as the ESSID of the AP group is defined, the natural wireless network workstation can roam freely on radio waves. Covered area.

Roaming is a term commonly used by mobile phone users. It means that the users of cellular mobile phones can continue to use their mobile phones in some other regions or countries when they leave the region or country.

Roaming can only be performed between domestic cities that are compatible with the network system and are already connected, or between regions or countries that have signed bilateral roaming agreements. To implement the roaming function is technically quite complicated. First of all, it is necessary to record the user's location and a set of methods for profit settlement between operating companies.

On March 6, 2017, the State Council Information Office held a regular briefing on State Council policies. At the conference, the three major operators, China Mobile, China Telecom and China Unicom, stated that from October 1, 2017, they will fully implement the cancellation of domestic long-distance and roaming charges for mobile phones. ^[1]

There are both automatic and manual.

1.1 automatic roaming

The mobile communication network automatically tracks mobile stations and provides services to mobile stations located anywhere. Its main functions are location registration and call forwarding.

The function of location registration is to track the location information of the visiting mobile station to record the mobile station as the basis for call continuity. In order to track mobile stations, the services of a mobile communication network are generally divided into several location areas, and a location area may include several base station areas. Each location area has a unique identification code, also called an area identification code, which is continuously sent on the control channel of each base station in the location area. The mobile station can move freely in a location area without performing location registration. When the mobile station finds that the received area identification code has changed, it indicates that it has entered a new location area, and then automatically turns on the transmitter and sends out a location update message. The mobile phone office sends the received information to the visitor location register that controls this location area. The signaling system between the location registers tells the home location register where the mobile station is currently located and the home location register updates the location of the mobile station Information, and send back information such as mobile station type and service item. The visitor location register sends a location registration confirmation message to the mobile station based on the received user information. The mobile station can change the original phone number in the new The location area gets the communication service it registered. The home location register also sends a message to the visitor location register in the location area where the mobile station was originally located to delete the relevant information of this mobile station.

The call forwarding function can implement a call to a mobile station located in the control area of any mobile telephone office. When calling a mobile station, there are two types of transfer methods. The call is first connected to a nearby mobile phone office, which is also called accessing the mobile phone office. This mobile telephone office asks the home location register for the current location information of the mobile station through the signaling system. The home location register requests a temporary roaming number from the visitor register where the mobile station is currently located, and sends it back to the access mobile telephone office. According to the roaming number, the call is connected to the mobile phone office where the mobile station is actually located, and a paging message containing the user identification code is sent on the downlink control channels of all base stations in the corresponding location area to find the mobile station. The call is first received to the mobile phone office where the mobile station originates. The home office requests the visitor location register to allocate a temporary roaming number through the signaling system. The home office establishes a route to the visited office based on the roaming number to find the mobile station.

China achieved automatic roaming in the Pearl River Delta of Guangdong Province in June 1989.

1.2 artificial roaming

By manual registration, the roaming mobile station is assigned the roaming number of the visited mobile telephone office, so that the mobile station can obtain communication services in multiple regions. The mobile user applies to the home office for registration procedures. The home office selects a number to assign to the user's mobile station in the artificial roaming number area predetermined by the visited office, and notifies the visited office. The interviewed bureau regards them as short-term users and establishes corresponding user data units. When the mobile station roams to the visited office, it can get services. If the calling user knows the mobile station's whereabouts, he can dial the slow travel number assigned by the visited office, connect to the visited office via the automatic telephone network, or call the roaming mobile station.

In September 1990, China achieved manual roaming in Guangdong and Shanghai.

3.1 Billing and settlement

Roaming is subject to the agreement of the management authorities of both parties, and there is a bilateral agreement for billing and settlement. The agreement basically follows the following principles: the mobile phone office of origin has the right to decide whether the mobile station can roam; the roaming mobile station fee includes a one-time registration fee, monthly rental fee, call fee, and supplementary service fee. The interviewed office sends the billing information to the user's home office, which is collected from the user by the home office and settled with the interviewed office. When the mobile station is the called party, the roaming mobile station should pay the call charges for the slow travel and call transfer part.

3.2 "Notice on Reducing the Maximum Domestic Roaming Call Charge Standard for Mobile Phones"

Provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Communications Administration, Development and Reform Commission, Price Bureau, China Mobile Communications Corporation, China United Communications Co., Ltd .:

In order to adapt to the development of the telecommunications market, the level of mobile phone tariffs has been further reduced, so that consumers can better enjoy the development of the telecommunications market and technological advancement.

On March 6, 2017, the State Council Information Office held a regular briefing on State Council policies. At the conference, the three major operators, China Mobile, China Telecom and China Unicom, stated that from October 1, 2017, they will fully implement the cancellation of domestic long-distance and roaming charges for mobile phones. ^[1]

China Mobile stated that in terms of reducing network charges, the first is to formulate specific implementation plans as soon as possible, accelerate the completion of related business support system transformation, strengthen publicity and customer communication, and completely cancel domestic mobile phone long-distance roaming charges from October 1. The second is to reduce international long-distance tariffs. Reduce the direct international dialing rates in key directions. The third is to reduce the price of corporate access to dedicated lines. Introduced "Shuangchuang Broadband" products and preferential packages to reduce the cost of Internet access for "Shuangchuang" enterprises. The fourth is to reduce the voice and traffic roaming tariffs for the Belt and Road countries, and reduce the roaming voice tariffs for all 64 countries and directions along the Belt and Road to 0.99 yuan / minute.

China Unicom stated that it will conscientiously implement the deployment of speed-up and fee-reduction work, strengthen innovation and cooperation, greatly increase the perception of traffic consumption, vigorously support dual-enterprise enterprises, and actively help the development of the real economy. Since October 1, 2017, China Unicom has completely eliminated long-distance and roaming charges for mobile phones; further reduced international long-distance calls and international roaming charges; and substantially reduced 4G network traffic resources while significantly reducing the Internet dedicated line access charges for SMEs 2. The informatization construction has the advantages of "one-point access and support of the entire network", service support, etc., deepening industrial cooperation and innovating business products, bringing new and greater surprises to consumers.

China Telecom said it would reduce international and Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan long-distance call rates. China Telecom will reduce long-distance tariffs in North America, Europe, Southeast Asia, and along the Belt and Road in 2017. ^[1]