How Dangerous Is Cigarette Smoke?

Cigarettes are a type of tobacco product. The method is to dry the tobacco, cut it into shreds, and then use a paper roll to grow into a barrel-shaped bar about 120 mm in diameter and 10 mm in diameter.

[xing yn]

Cigarettes are a type of tobacco product. The method is to put

It is generally believed that tobacco originated in the Americas. Archaeological finds that tobacco entered the lives of American inhabitants while humans were still in the primitive society. At that time, when people were gathering food, they unconsciously picked a plant leaf and chewed it in their mouths. Because of its strong irritation, it just played a role in restoring physical strength and

Although the chemicals in cigarettes are mainly dry tobacco, many additional ingredients have been added after chemical treatment. Cigarette smoke contains about 4,000 chemical substances, many of which are toxic, causing abnormal substances and thousands of

The US Tobacco Control journal was released on Thursday. The latest research shows that researchers have examined 78 popular cigarette brands in China. Most Chinese cigarettes have high levels of heavy metals such as lead and cadmium, and some are even three times as high as Canadian cigarettes. .

The report states that Canadian cigarettes are used as a measure because Canadian cigarette manufacturers and importers are required to test the content of heavy metals in tobacco.

It is understood that an important source of heavy metals contained in tobacco leaves is the soil on which it depends. Wu Yiqun, executive deputy director of Xintan Health Development Research Center, said, "irrigated farmland with sewage, inappropriate use of pesticides, and use of leaded gasoline. Hazardous gases emitted by factories ... These will cause pollution of heavy metals. Heavy metals cannot be degraded and can only be migrated. Various pollution caused by industry will increase the content of heavy metals in the soil, and these heavy metals are also collected on the tobacco, including the tobacco root content The highest, followed by tobacco leaves. "On the other hand, changes in geology itself will cause changes in the content of heavy metals in the soil, and excessive heavy metals will then migrate to the tobacco growing on the soil. The content and morphology of heavy metals in the soil of tobacco-producing areas directly affect the absorption rate of heavy metals by tobacco leaves. Generally, the higher the content of soluble heavy metals in soil, the higher the absorption rate of heavy metals by tobacco leaves.

Another source of heavy metal elements is the manufacturing process of cigarettes. The hot-melt glue used in the manufacture of cigarettes and the flavors and fragrances used in cigarettes contain heavy metal elements. Among them, the use of tobacco flavors and flavors in cigarettes can give products a unique style and improve the quality of smoke, so it is one of the main base materials in the processing of cigarettes. Due to the extremely small tolerance of humans to heavy metals and arsenic, it is necessary to establish corresponding maximum allowable limits to ensure the health of consumers. The management of tobacco flavors and fragrances needs to be further strengthened. By controlling the quality and availability of tobacco flavors and fragrances, it can play a positive role in further regulating the market, improving the tobacco industry system, and ensuring the health of consumers.

It is understood that the heavy metals in cigarettes are mainly arsenic, lead, cadmium, etc. The data show that arsenic compounds are completely absorbed by the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract, and arsenic accumulates in inactive forms in epithelium and skin accessory organs such as hair, nails and bones during long-term intake Medium; long-term inhalation of cadmium in people can damage kidneys and lungs, causing emphysema and renal dysfunction; lead inhaled by the human body diffuses into the blood circulation through the alveoli, and long-term inhalation of lead smoke can cause chronic poisoning of lead. ^[2]

Tobacco is the largest preventable cause of death in the world today, and half of tobacco users die from tobacco use. At present, the total number of smokers in the world exceeds one billion, accounting for about a quarter of the world's population. Tobacco use kills more than 5 million people worldwide every year. In developing countries, the number of tobacco users has continued to increase with the steady growth of population and vigorous marketing measures by tobacco companies.

If current trends continue, by 2030, the annual death toll from tobacco use will exceed eight million; by the end of this century, tobacco will kill one billion peopleand it is estimated that more than three-quarters of them Will be concentrated in low- and middle-income countries.

Among the top eight causes of death in the world, tobacco use is a risk factor for six of them. Smoking can cause tumors in the lungs, throat, kidneys, bladder, stomach, colon, mouth and esophagus, as well as leukemia, chronic bronchitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, ischemic heart disease, stroke, abortion, premature birth, birth defects , Infertility, and other diseases, bring huge but preventable suffering and serious productivity loss to people. In addition, tobacco use can cause huge economic losses to households and countries, including lost income, reduced productivity, and increased health care costs.

Tobacco use is often mistaken as a purely personal choice, but this is not the case. After fully realizing the health hazards of tobacco use, most smokers are interested in quitting, but it is often difficult to quit because of the addictive nature of nicotine. Moreover, tobacco, a huge global industry, spends tens of billions of dollars each year on marketing, employs highly skilled lobbyists and advertisers, and strives to maintain and increase tobacco use. ^[4]

On August 22, 2013, experts from the National Health and Family Planning Commission prepared core information on tobacco control health education and released it to the public. China has more than 300 million smokers and more than 1 million deaths from smoking each year, more than the combined deaths from tuberculosis, AIDS and malaria. It is worth noting that, of the 30 core information released this time, Article 10 clearly states that "low-tar cigarettes" and "Chinese herbal cigarettes" cannot reduce the harm caused by smoking, but rather easily induce smoking and affect smokers to quit. The "low tar low harm" scam was completely revealed!

1. How did the "efficient killing" scam come about?

Survey: About 60% of doctors and 80% of the public mistakenly believe that "low tar and low harm"

Earlier, tobacco expert Xie Jianping was elected as an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering for his research on cigarette "reducing harm and reducing coke," which caused heated discussions. Yang Gonghuan, director of the China Tobacco Control Office, told reporters that "Xie Jianping's research results on cigarettes'" harm reduction and coke reduction "method are effective scams." In fact, this has been a long debated issue in the tobacco industry, but the tobacco industry has been " "Tai Chi", wearing a scientific coat to confuse and mislead the public, and even "low tar and low harm" has become the development strategy of today's tobacco companies.

In the view of Jiang Yuan, deputy director of the Tobacco Control Office of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, including low-tar cigarettes and Chinese herbal cigarettes is actually a completely deceptive behavior, and it should not have been awarded China's highest science and technology award for such behavior. It is understood that a previous ITC (International Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation Study) survey found that the Chinese believed that low-tar cigarettes had the highest proportion of harm in 14 countries.

Xu Guihua, Executive Vice President and Secretary-General of the China Smoking Control Association, provided a set of survey data to reporters. Up to 60% of doctors believe that "low tar is low harm", and up to 80% of the public do not know or mistakenly believe that "low tar is low harm" ". A typical advertising case is Zhongnanhai Cigarette, with the slogan-"low tar, lower, more caring". The advertisement aims to promote the low tar care for children. Similar calibers are endless in the tobacco industry.

According to the reporter, most of the cigarette information received by many doctors in China comes from tobacco companies. It is not difficult to explain why nearly 60% of doctors mistakenly believe that "low tar and low harm". Tobacco companies, while reminding the public that "smoking is harmful to health," sang praises for "reducing harm and reducing coke" proposed by "a tobacco academician" Xie Jianping, deceiving consumers with false scientific conclusions. Because of this, many tobacco control experts agree that the low awareness of tobacco harm has become one of the biggest obstacles to tobacco control.

Expert: The amount of tar cannot be used as an objective indicator of the harm of tobacco

As the scientific facts about the health hazards of tobacco are increasingly recognized by the public, the tobacco industry, in response to this situation, has decided to turn the concerns of smokers into capital in an effort to create a "medically acceptable cigarette." The tobacco industry coined the term "low tar", claiming to care about the health of smokers, and is committed to developing "lighter" cigarettes to promote public health.

The reporter consulted the joint assessment report of Chinese and foreign experts and found that there is another mystery in "reducing harm and reducing coke." In this regard, there are several key concepts that need to be clarified: first, the reduction of tar content requires standard and third-party testing, which is also a measure taken by many governments to manage tobacco companies; second, the tar content detected by machines and the human Actual inhalation is a different concept. Third, tobacco companies welcome this concept and turn it into a "business opportunity". They are mainly committed to promoting the false facts of this "healthy and safe cigarette" and adding various addictive ingredients. Prevent smokers from giving up smoking. Fourth, current practice shows that reducing the tar content in cigarettes does not reduce harm; tobacco companies understand this, but tobacco companies conceal this fact from consumers. And tobacco companies use smokers to pay attention to the harmful health of smoking, and use the potential to "reduce coke and reduce harm" to expand cigarette sales.

Cigarettes on the market tend to have such a phenomenon: the labeling of the amount of tar on the cigarette pack is not consistent with the actual inhalation of the smoker.

In this regard, Wu Yiqun, deputy director of Xintan Health Development Research Center and former deputy dean of the Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine, told reporters that the tar intake measured by cigarette machines used by tobacco companies is lower than the actual intake of normal people. "First of all, it simulates the smoking behavior of each person, and there are differences between individuals. Secondly, the tested cigarettes have a lot of small holes, and the air has diluted a part, so the measured inhalation volume is lower than normal people." In addition, the tar content is reduced, As a result of the decrease in nicotine content, smokers will have three compensation effects: smoking more; smoking deeper; and increasing the frequency of smoking. Tobacco companies intend to rely on this trick to deceive consumers, and finally, use seemingly healthy publicity methods to eliminate consumers' psychological mustard. However, the end consumer consumes so much tar content.

In fact, "Tobacco Academician" Xie Jianping also stated many times in public that "tar" cannot be used as an objective indicator to measure the harm of tobacco, because the content of harmful substances in tar actually only accounts for 0.6%. Wu Yiqun said, "Tar low or low cannot explain the problem at all. Xie Jianping and others always contradict themselves. On the one hand, they advocate that tar is not representative, but on the other hand, they reduce the tar and reduce the harm to inform consumers and let consumers. Misunderstanding that harm is reduced and smoking continues. "

In the provisions of the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, it is expressly written: "The use of words such as 'low tar' in tobacco products is false, misleading, and deceptive. The risk of lung cancer death and moderate smoking from smoking very low tar, low tar cigarettes. Like tar cigarettes. "

Research funding for "damage reduction and coke reduction" comes from tobacco companies

Yang Gonghuan, deputy director of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, told reporters: "An impartial scientific research cannot be done with corporate funds, and the research institute of Xie Jianping, who proposed the research of" focus reduction and harm reduction ", belongs directly to tobacco companies. The research is funded by the tobacco industry. "

Yang Gonghuan and a number of tobacco control people have repeatedly accused Xie Jianping of taking money from the tobacco industry for research, which is unconvincing in fairness and objectively helps the marketing of tobacco companies. Wang Ke'an, director of Xintan Health Development Research Center, also said that "including the World Health Organization, those who take money from tobacco companies for research are blacklisted and announced. There are indeed many tobacco companies in China who buy money from scientists."

"I'm not saying that people who study tobacco can't be academicians, but what he's studying is coke reduction and harm reduction, which will mislead people to smoke and help tobacco companies sell cigarettes." The reporter learned that "low tar" has become the marketing strategy of many cigarette manufacturers' main brands. In recent years, China's cigarette sales have been increasing. The public mistakenly believes that it is low-risk, but instead sucks more and reduces their willingness to quit smoking.

A survey in the "China Report on the Global Adult Tobacco Epidemiology Survey" found that 85% of people in our country do not know, or simply think that low-tar cigarettes are less harmful, and even higher levels of misunderstanding are higher among doctors and teachers . Tobacco control experts have repeatedly criticized such behaviors of tobacco companies fiercely, believing that they kidnapped scientific research with money and passed false information to the public under the banner of science. What the tobacco industry does.

Experts: Tobacco reduces coke, harm increases instead

Truth one, low-tar cigarettes can produce compensated smoking

Wu Yiqun told a reporter from China News Weekly that nicotine decreases with an equal proportion, but addiction is caused by nicotine. When tar is reduced, there are several situations for smokers: smokers smoke more , Smoking deeper and smoking more often. After the amount of tar is reduced, smokers will take a "compensatory action" to maintain the nicotine concentration in the blood. They will smoke deeper and the amount will increase. As the number and amount of smoking increases, other harmful substances in the tobacco will increase. .

The reporter inquired about the information and found that in fact, there has been a final conclusion on this international issue, and it has been stated that low tar cannot be low in harm. For example, in 2012, the US court ruled that tobacco companies would apologize to the American public in five ways, saying that "low tar and low harm" had deceived the public.

Truth two: the actual tar intake is three times the labeled amount

Wu Yiqun said that in the 1950s, Western cigarette companies introduced "low tar" and "light" cigarettes, which are named after the lower tar and nicotine delivered by smoking machines. "But it was the tobacco companies who deliberately designed these cigarettes to release lower tars during testing, but they were fully aware that these machine test indicators did not accurately reflect the tar and nicotine actually accepted by smokers." Marlboro, "1977 Internal The data also showed that smokers' actual tar intake was three times higher than machine test data.

Truth three, there may be more carcinogens in low-focus cigarettes

Dr. Gan Quan, a senior project officer of the International Federation of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, has personally performed related experiments. He analyzed the urine of adult male smokers in China and compared nicotine by-products and carcinogens in tobacco smoke from smokers who smoked cigarettes with different tar contents.

The experimental results showed that the nicotine by-products and carcinogens found in the urine of smokers did not differ due to the tar content of the cigarettes smoked. In fact, the content of one of the harmful carcinogens (nitrosamine metabolites) increased as the tar content of the cigarettes decreased.

Tobacco smoke contains more than 7,000 compounds, hundreds of which are toxic and at least 69 carcinogens. In this regard, Wu Yiqun also reported to the China News Weekly reporter that "because nitrosamines unique to tobacco are strong carcinogens, tars are low, and some compounds have low tar content, but tobacco-specific nitrosamines Amine is elevated, which is a negative correlation. "So, a decrease in tar does not mean a reduction in other carcinogens. Toxicological research proves that when the amount of tar decreases, some strong carcinogens in the tar are not reduced, such as nitrosamines, fused ring aromatics, and reducing the amount of cigarette tar does not reduce the health hazards of tobacco.

Earlier media reports also proved this claim. Cigarettes contain more than 4,000 chemicals, at least 69 of which may cause cancer. Among them, the content of carcinogens such as nitrosamines and fused aromatic hydrocarbons will not decrease as the amount of tar decreases.

The West defines "low tar" cigarettes as the biggest deception to consumers

Wu Yiqun said that over the past decades, thousands of studies in many countries have proven that any coke reduction and additives, including traditional Chinese medicine, can not reduce the harm of cigarettes. "Hazard reduction and coke reduction" is a term that has long been proposed internationally and has failed in practice. From the promotion of filter-based tar reduction technology to the development of low-tar cigarettes, these methods have not substantially reduced the risk of disease for smokers. The results of clinical epidemiological studies confirm that smokers who choose low-tar brands do not have a reduced risk of tobacco-related diseases.

In September 1999, the U.S. Department of Justice charged the tobacco giants such as Philip Morris in the United States with deceiving the public on "low tar" and "light" cigarettes.

On August 17, 2006, the U.S. Federal Court ruled that the tobacco industry incorrectly promoted "low-tar" cigarettes as low-risk cigarettes in order to keep people smoking and maintain the profits of tobacco companies. American Tobacco is not allowed to falsely promote cigarettes in the United States and any other country in the world with concepts and words such as "light" and "low tar". The major tobacco companies are also required to publish clarifying ads on major U.S. media and their own websites to compensate for the "deliberate deception of consumers" crimes over the years.

A number of authoritative studies have proved that "low tar" is not "low harm". The American Institute for Cancer Prevention reported in 2004 that their observations of more than 900,000 subjects over 30 years of age showed that compared to men who smoked 15-21 mg / cigarette of standard tar content, they smoked less than 14 mg / cigarette. Men with tar content did not significantly reduce their risk of lung cancer. A study in the Netherlands also showed that the use of low-tar cigarettes could lead to an increased incidence of lung adenocarcinoma due to increased inhalation and inhalation.

The World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control signed by China also clearly stipulates: "The use of words such as 'low tar' in tobacco products is false, misleading, and deceptive. The risk of lung cancer death and moderate smoking from smoking very low tar and low tar cigarettes" Like tar cigarettes. "

Chinese tobacco companies, like international multinational tobacco companies, also use the strategy of "reducing harm and reducing coke" to maintain cigarette sales and stabilize and expand the ranks of smokers. The tar reduction action of China's cigarette industry began in the 1980s. At present, the tar content of cigarettes in China has been reduced from 27 mg / branch to 15 mg / branch in 1983, but there is still a long way to go to 12 mg / branch. This approach was described by Chinese cigarette companies as: "The low-coke revolution" is a self-help by the Chinese tobacco industry under the dual pressures of the World Trade Organization and the World Health Organization.

Experts: Quit smoking is the only way to reduce tobacco harm

China is the world's largest tobacco producer and the world's largest tobacco consumer. It is also the country with the largest number of deaths due to tobacco use in the world.

Wu Yiqun said that all tobacco products, including "low-tar" cigarettes, are fatal, and the only effective way for smokers to reduce the risk of tobacco-related diseases is to quit. Xu Guihua also told reporters that "damaging and reducing coke" brought catastrophic harm to China's tobacco control, and it was by no means a contribution. Someone who got some honor for this should also be cancelled. "

Previously, Xu Guihua frankly told the media many times that "reducing harm and reducing coke" was a marketing tool for tobacco companies. Tobacco companies promote "low tar and low harm", making consumers and the public mistakenly think that the lower the tar content, the safer it will be, reducing the willingness of smokers to quit or even giving up, and making it easier for minors and women to try to smoke. This misleading propaganda has had a huge negative effect in China, making it difficult to control tobacco.

Yang Gonghuan said that the tobacco industry is now clearly promoting a thinking-it is difficult to quit smoking, so smoke healthy cigarettes! But in fact, the relevant departments are using the so-called "scientific research conclusions" of "harm reduction and coke reduction" as the basis for the promotion of the "low coke and harm reduction" policy. Jiang Yuan said in an interview with CCTV that the core of tobacco control lies in the government's attitude and determination towards tobacco control.

China's first case of tobacco companies being accused of "harm reduction and scorch reduction" once again focused our discussion on tobacco "harm reduction and scorch reduction". Regardless of the outcome of the verdict, "harm reduction and scorch reduction" is a pseudo-science fact. As CCTV commented, tobacco "reduces focus" and its harm reduction effects are irrelevant. Instead, it has done its utmost to increase tobacco consumption. This is a misleading consumption that uses "reducing harm and reducing coke" as a commercial gimmick, which violates the integrity of business ethics, and is even more suspected of violating consumers' right to know and health. "Reducing harm and reducing coke" is harmful and unhelpful. Under the guise of science, it releases the commercial fog, harms others and benefits oneself. ^[5]

The World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC), ratified by the World Health Assembly on May 21, 2003, calls on all countries to engage in the widest possible international cooperation to control tobacco popular. China formally signed the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control on November 10, 2003.

The MPOWER series of policies are based on measures proposed in the World Health Organization's Framework Convention on Tobacco Control that have been proven to effectively reduce smoking rates:

Monitor Monitor tobacco use.

Protect protects people from tobacco smoke.

Offer offers help to quit smoking.

Warn warns of the dangers of tobacco.

Enforce ensures a ban on tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship.

Raise raises taxes on tobacco ^[4]

The World Health Organization (WHO) has included tobacco dependence as an illness in the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10, F17.2). Tobacco dependence is a chronic and highly recurrent disease. Quitting smoking by will alone is not a scientific method, and the success rate is extremely low (most studies believe that <7%). Scientific smoking cessation should seek professional help, such as calling the quitting hotline Hotline) 12320, or go to the smoking cessation clinic of a regular hospital, quit smoking under the guidance of a professional physician, and use certain drugs to assist treatment if necessary. ^[6]

Family affairs, national affairs, world affairs, quitting cigarettes is a big thing. Land is not mistaken for one spring, and one does not quit smoking for a lifetime.

--------- Domestic Quit slogan

Smoking is harmful to health.

--------- The most common but ineffective slogan

The existence of cigarettes is the sorrow of human society. The "great" human being knows that it is harmful to his addiction!

--------- Actor Bai Guowei

Smoking is the biggest threat to human survival after war, hunger and plague.

Abandon the bad habits of smoking and create a healthy new fashion.

Refuse tobacco and cherish life.

Cigarettes --- burn out oneself and harm all beings.

Health dies with smoke! How much life can come again?

The moment you lit a cigarette, you also lit the fuse of death.

Ignite your smoke, pollute the air, kill your life, where is your conscience!

-------- No smoking sign in public places

Don't light your cigarette, it will turn you into a plume of smoke!

If you want to smoke, time bombs are around!

-------- No smoking at gas stations

Please don't let your selfishness light my building-don't smoke.

-------- No smoking sign in shopping mall

Perhaps, your fingertips are sandwiching the lives of others-do not smoke.

-------- No smoking sign in hospital

Thousands of birds flew away, thousands of people disappeared. In the swallowing cloud and mist, everything is annihilated.

-------- No Smoking Harmony

If I give you a cigarette, your life is as gorgeous as a cigarette, but your life is as short as a cigarette! !!

-------- Netizens (ysg957) quit smoking

A cigarette is about eight centimeters long, and the spontaneous combustion time is about eight minutes. Every time the soot is sprayed, it is like the fall of life.

-------- Netizens (Hei Shigong) quit smoking

Burn money, commit suicide, and harm people.

-------- Netizens (varmint) quit smoking

The closer you are to cigarettes, the farther you are from health

-------- No smoking day theme education slogan

Salute when you meet, do nt respect tobacco, do nt smoke when you are in a relationship:

Truth frankly requires no smoke, and civilization is healthy and far from smoke.

Quit smoking in my hand today, and never knew it again.

-------- Netizens (watching the water in their free time) quit smoking

All cigarettes in China are printed with the words "Smoking is harmful to health". Without these words, cigarettes are drugs and must be banned. After printing these words, cigarettes become supplements, which are used to earn RMB and foreign currency. There are a lot of strange things these days. Among them, cigarettes are printed with "Smoking is harmful to health", but cigarettes are not banned. Even the related restrictions are not there.

-------- Internet excerpts about cigarettes