What are Colon Polyps?

Polypoid lesions that protrude from the mucosal surface to the intestinal cavity are called polyps until the pathological properties are determined. According to the pathology, they can be divided into: adenoma-like polyps (including papillary adenomas), the most common, inflammatory polyps, and intestinal mucosa. As a result of proliferative stimulation stimulated by long-term inflammation, hamartoma-type polyps, other, such as hyperplasia of mucosal hyperplasia to form proliferative polyps, lymphoid tissue hyperplasia, and carcinoid diseases. Clinically, polyps can be single or multiple, with large intestinal polyps and more obvious symptoms. Depending on the severity of the symptoms, polyposis can be treated with Chinese and Western medicine, colonoscopy, laser, freezing, ligation, and abdominal or anal treatment.

Basic Information

English name

colonic polyps

Visiting department

Gastroenterology

Multiple groups

male

Common locations

colon

Common causes

Infection, age, lifestyle, genetics, etc.

Common symptoms

Blood in the stool, constipation, or increased stool frequency

Causes of Colonic Polyps

The occurrence of colon polyps may be related to the following factors, which are described as follows:

Infection

It has been reported that the occurrence of adenomatous polyps is related to viral infection;

2. age

The incidence of colon polyps increases with age;

3. Embryo abnormalities

Juvenile polyposis is mostly hamartoma, which may be related to abnormal embryo development;

4. Lifestyle

The occurrence of polyfibrous polyps in food is less, and vice versa. Smoking is also closely related to adenomatous polyps. Those with a smoking history of less than 20 years often develop small adenomas, and those with a smoking history of more than 20 years are more often associated with Enlarged adenoma

5. Genetics

The occurrence of certain multiple polyps is genetically related. Patients inherit a defective tumor suppressor gene APC allele from their parents' reproductive cells, while another APC allele in the colonic epithelium is normal at birth and later When this allele is mutated, an adenoma develops at the mutation site. This mutation is called a somatic mutation.

Colonic polyps clinical manifestations

1. Intermittent blood in the stool or blood on the surface of the stool, mostly bright red, which is not uncommon for major bleeding; secondary inflammation and infection can be accompanied by a large amount of mucus or mucous blood in the stool, and may be severe after the rash, constipation or increased stool frequency, long pedicles or near anus People may have polyps coming out of the anus.

2. A small number of patients may have symptoms of abdominal discomfort and pain.

3. Digital rectal examination can touch low polyps.

4. Anoscopy, sigmoidoscopy or fiber colonoscopy can directly see the polyps.

5. Barium enema can show filling defect.

Colon polyp examination

1. Digital rectal examination can touch low polyps.

2. Anal scope, sigmoidoscopy or fiber colonoscopy can directly see the polyps.

3. Barium enema can show filling defect.

4. Pathological examination can confirm the diagnosis.

Colon polyp diagnosis

1. Hematochezia or mucus pus and blood.

2. Polyp found in anal examination or colonoscopy.

3. Barium enema sees some filling defects.

Colon Polyp Treatment

Surgical treatment

(1) Removal of a single polyp is feasible, and pathological biopsy is performed simultaneously.

(2) For patients with multiple polyps or large polyps with malignant changes, a pathological biopsy can be performed through anal anus endoscopy to exclude malignant changes.

(3) Polyps that are prolapsed from low or long pedicles can be removed with anal speculum, sigmoidoscopy, ligation, or transanal.

(4) Guangji or multiple polyps can be partially excised through the abdominal wall, perineum, and tail of the intestine.

(5) High-frequency fiber colonoscopy can be performed for high-position polyps.

(6) Radical resection of tumors should be performed according to the tumor.

2. Drug treatment

(1) Generally small amount of bleeding, mainly oral antibiotics and hemostatic drugs or Chinese medicine orally or enema.

(2) Except for hemorrhage, antibiotics, and infusion to supplement electrolytes for large amounts of bleeding, preoperative preparations should be made.