What Are the Different Kinds of Benign Epilepsy?

Pediatric benign epilepsy, also known as benign partial epilepsy, is a type unique to childhood and is characterized by its occurrence only in a specific developmental period in children (not found in adults), not due to localized disease, with obvious inheritance. Factors, no loss of consciousness during the onset, no mental impairment, can be naturally relieved, good after healing.

Benign epilepsy in children

Pediatric benign epilepsy refers to a type of epilepsy syndrome that occurs at a specific age and has clinical features and EEG characteristics that can relieve spontaneous or antiepileptic drugs and have a good prognosis.

Chinese name: Benign epilepsy in children

Foreign name: Pediatric benign epilepsy
Cause: genetic factors

Basic introduction to benign epilepsy in children

Classification of Pediatric Benign Epilepsy Diseases

Benign epilepsy in children

The age of onset of benign epilepsy in children is between 2 and 14 years old, most of them are 6 to 10 years old. It is rare to have onset before 3 years old and after 12 years old, but they all stop before 15 years old.

Pediatric benign epilepsy temporal spikes epilepsy

Has genetic predisposition, is the most common type of benign epilepsy in children, the incidence of pediatric epilepsy accounts for 15% to 25%, the age of onset is 2 to 13 years old, 76% is 5 to 10 years old, boys are more than girls, Regardless of treatment or not, the seizures are usually stopped before the age of 15, usually oropharyngeal, such as: increased saliva, cooing of the throat, twitching of lips and tongue, contracture of the jaw joint, can not open mouth, cannot speak, stiff tongue, cannot swallow There is suffocation, limb convulsions can be limited to one side, and upper and lower limbs can be twitched on the same side, often accompanied by somatosensory disturbances. There is no loss of consciousness during a partial attack, and there may be varying degrees of consciousness disturbance. If a secondary systemic attack occurs, the consciousness is completely lost. 75% of patients have seizures shortly after falling asleep or just waking up early in the morning. The seizures are relatively sparse, and usually occur every other month or longer. The EEG manifests as an abnormal background wave. There are typical high amplitude spikes or slow slow waves in the central or central temporal region of the brain. Frequent episodes of sleep are more frequent than those of awakening. Natural sleep EEG is easy to record this abnormality. Excessive ventilation and flash stimulation can be induced.

Pediatric benign epilepsy occipital discharge epilepsy

The age of onset ranged from 15 months to 17 years, 47% had a family history of epilepsy, and 92% of the cases resolved before the age of 19. The onset began with visual symptoms such as dark and light hallucinations, followed by hemiclonic and psychomotor Type seizures or systemic tonic-clonic seizures, often with nausea, vomiting, and headaches after seizures, seizures can occur when you fall asleep or awake, and can stop automatically after adolescence, but 5% can be converted into other types of seizures.

Benign epilepsy in children

Onset in late childhood or puberty, 25% have a family history of epilepsy, and the seizures are mostly when the sleep wakes up, the eyes and head or trunk turn to one side, and sometimes expand into a systemic seizure that lasts for 5 to 15 seconds, sometimes accompanied by other seizures .

Benign epilepsy in children

Onset from the age of 3 to 10 years, the main symptoms are panic, shouting and other emotional symptoms, may have chewing, swallowing and other automatisms, without loss of consciousness, stop attacks before 15 years old.

Benign juvenile benign juvenile myoclonic epilepsy

Onset in adolescence, hereditary tendencies, seizures manifested as limb myoclonic tics, often when waking up in the morning or siesta, frequent spontaneous, especially when fatigue, notable, disappearing during sleep, unconscious disturbance, light, sound, Sleep deprivation can be induced and the prognosis is good.

Benign epilepsy in children benign familial neonatal epilepsy

It is a familial disease, which usually starts within 2 to 3 days to several weeks. Individuals can have frequent seizures at 3 months after birth. The form of the attack is partial or systemic, manifested as clonic and tonic Convulsions or apnea. For several generations in the family, many people have convulsions in the neonatal period, and the seizures usually stop within 3 weeks. Individuals can reach 8 months after birth. About 15% of sick infants have epilepsy in childhood or adulthood.

Pediatric benign epilepsy atypical partial epilepsy

The age of onset is 2 to 6 years. The nervous system developed normally before and after the onset of the disease. The seizures included partial motor seizures during sleep or waking up in the morning, absence, transient tonicity, and myoclonus. Each case had more than two forms of seizures. Antiepileptic drugs do not work well, and most of them stop before the age of eight. Sleep EEG shows a continuous broad spine-slow wave, sometimes up to 3 times per second, and the sides are not necessarily symmetrical. The EEG was normal when awake. Sometimes there is a spike wave in the central-temporal zone, or a spine-slow wave burst of 3 times per second. This type is an atypical type of "pediatric benign epilepsy with a spike in the central-temporal zone". It is often considered to be Lennox-Gaxtant syndrome based on changes in onset form, treatment response, and sleep EEG.

However, children with this disease have normal intelligence, normal or inconspicuous changes in the EEG when awake, and self-limiting seizures.

Etiology of benign epilepsy in children

1. Congenital brain malformations, such as anencephaly, megacephaly, multiple cerebellar gyrus, gray matter ectopic, perforation of the brain, congenital hydrocephalus, hydrazine hypoplasia, arachnoid cysts, small head Deformity, megacephaly, etc.

2. Neurocutaneous Syndrome: The most common are nodular sclerosis, neurofibromatosis, and cerebral trigeminal hemangioma.

3. Genetic metabolic diseases, such as phenylketonuria, hyperammonemia, cerebral lipidosis, vitamin B6 dependence and so on.

4. Perinatal brain injury is mainly caused by birth injury, suffocation, intracranial hemorrhage, hypoxia, ischemic encephalopathy, and epilepsy caused by hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy is the most common.

5. Intracranial infection: such as bacterial meningitis, viral encephalitis, brain abscess, fungal meningitis, cerebral parasitic disease, encephalitis after vaccination, encephalitis after infection, etc.

6, nutritional metabolism disorders and endocrine diseases, common low blood sugar, hypocalcemia, hypomagnesium, vitamin B6 deficiency, hypothyroidism.

7, cerebrovascular disease: such as cerebrovascular malformations, intracranial hemorrhage, cerebrovascular inflammation, cerebral infarction and so on.

8. Trauma: Intracranial hemorrhage, skull fracture, and brain contusion caused by trauma can cause epilepsy, but the incidence is related to the degree and location of the injury.

Understanding the cause of epilepsy is of great significance for successful cure. The reason why many people do not receive treatment in time is mostly because they do not know the cause of the disease. Jingxin Anxie. The agent is a pure Chinese medicine preparation, which has a significant therapeutic effect. It can quickly get rid of the pain of epilepsy and regain your health and happiness. ^[1]

Precautions for benign epilepsy in children

Benign epilepsy in children

EEG is a means of epilepsy, but the positive rate is only about 60%. If it is recorded for 24 hours, the positive rate of diagnosis can be improved. However, the diagnosis of the cause is sometimes difficult, and in some cases, the cause is still unknown. Once the child is diagnosed with epilepsy, the medication must be performed according to the doctor's prescription. Parents should cooperate with the doctor during the treatment. Pay attention to the following points:

Regular benign epilepsy in children

The type and dosage of the drug should be adjusted as directed by the doctor. In principle, the premise is to control the hair with the least amount of drugs and the minimum dose. The medication period should last 2 to 4 years after the onset of control, and then gradually reduce and discontinue the drug within 1 to 2 years. Be sure to take the medicine daily, stopping or reducing it without authorization will often cause seizures.

Regular follow-up of benign epilepsy in children

He went to the hospital for follow-up and observed the side effects and toxic effects of the drug.

Pediatric benign epilepsy pay attention to safety

Epilepsy may occur at any time before it is completely controlled, so swimming, climbing, and biking are strictly prohibited to play near the river. Traffic rules must be followed to prevent accidents.

Pediatric benign epilepsy combined with work and rest

If children with epilepsy have normal intelligence, they should go to school. Regular life should be regular to ensure adequate rest and sleep time. Avoiding adverse factors, such as water or too much food, excessive fatigue, and abnormal excitement, can induce seizures.

Psychological factors of benign epilepsy in children

Children with epilepsy often receive excessive care and attention from parents, and some are discriminated against by teachers and classmates. Both of these phenomena have adverse effects on the child's psychology, so parents, teachers and classmates must treat them correctly. In addition, if children with epilepsy are accompanied by varying degrees of mental retardation, education should be strengthened in addition to actively treating epilepsy.

Characteristics of Pediatric Epilepsy

From etiology to prognosis, pediatric epilepsy has different characteristics from adult epilepsy. This is because the anatomy, tissues, physiology, biochemistry, transmitters, enzymes, and electrical activities of pediatric brains are in their own developmental dynamics, so pediatric epilepsy is diverse, volatile, and atypical. For example, perinatal damage is unique to pediatrics. Certain epilepsy and epilepsy syndromes, such as typical absence epilepsy, are basically only seen in children or adolescents. Certain seizures, such as generalized tonic-clonic seizures, are not seen in newborns. The peak rhythm disorder in the picture is only seen in infants, and the outbreak suppression pattern is seen only in newborns and slow spines and slow waves are more common in young children. The pharmacokinetics and even pharmacodynamics of antiepileptic drugs are different in children than in adults. In children, metabolism is faster, and the amount of medicine is greater than that in adults. The effect of phenobarbital on cognition and behavior is more obvious in children. In addition, some benign epilepsy in children is spontaneously resolved before adulthood.