What are the different types of axon damage?

neuron is a nervous cell that consists of a body or soma; Projection called dendrites; and nerve fiber called axon. The axons of each cell are connected to different cells and serve as paths in different parts of the brain. After brain damage, axons may damage directly from the force of the impact or due to substances released by injured or dying cells. Swelling can also cause the axons to disconnect from their parent cells, leading to greater damage. Diseases such as multiple sclerosis can also cause axon degeneration.

The nervous system relies on the connection between each cell to function properly. Diffusion axonal damage is one form of axon damage in which the nerve fibers are physically disconnected. This often occurs during high speed impacts, such as a traffic accident. The injury itself may disrupt communication between different parts of the brain because neurons are unable to interact. After the injury, the subsequent swelling of the axon occurs to separate from the neuron.

axon damage sometimes occurs as part of a cascade event. Once the nerve cells are damaged and the axons are disconnected, neurons release high levels of chemicals that create toxic levels. Other nerve cells die as soon as chemicals penetrate their deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and triggers the death of cells. Too much calcium can also enter damaged neurons and cause swelling reactions that often cause damage to axons. Medical studies suggest that by reducing calcium ions after brain injury, cellular death can be reduced.

neurons damage also occurs when the axons are stretched. If it stretches too fast, the cytoskeleton can fail, leading to further swelling and infusion of calcium into the cell. Inflammatory reactions associated with multiple sclerosis lead to damage and axons and degeneration. Protective myelin cloak Surzococting axons often remains intact so the condition canE persist and go to remission several times.

After damage to the axons, nerve fibers can grow to replace axons, but sometimes this fine process is disrupted. High levels of neurotransmitter, lack of oxygen or insufficient blood flow to the damaged area may adversely affect the regeneration of nerve cells. The fibers can also be misinterpreted and connected in incorrect areas if electrical activity in the brain is high enough. They may result in serious long -term effects such as seizures, memory loss and chronic pain.