What is microscopic urine analysis?
urine analysis is a diagnostic tool that is commonly used in the diagnosis of urinary tract diseases and other disorders that can affect the kidneys. This is an effective way of examining kidney health because the kidneys filter urine from excretion. Examination of urine content can help ensure traces of kidney health. In microscopic urine analysis, a careful examination of urine sample is performed using a microscope. In macroscopic analysis, urine sample is simply examined by looking at its color, opacity and other factors such as sugar and protein content. Healthy urine is clean, light yellow or pale amber and does not contain particles. If macroscopic analysis shows that urine is overcast, abnormal colors or contains a high proportion of proteins, this can help to make a diagnosis.
In microscopic urine analysis, a small urine sample is centrifuged to remove. The sediment is then examined under a microscope. In typical microscopic urine analysis, the sample is examined for the presence of red and white blood cellsK, renal epithelial cells, bacteria, castings and crystals.
A small number of renal epithelial cells are usually present in a normal urine sample. These cells are naturally cooked by kidney tubules as new cells grow. If a large number of these cells are present in the sample, it is generally an indication of a type of disease in the kidneys or upper urine.
The presence of red blood cells in a urine sample can be a sign of several disease processes. These include damage to kidneys or urinary tract, kidney or urinary tract stones and urinary tract infections. In a sample of a woman who menstruates or in a sample of someone who recently had an inserted bladder catheter, there is a normal small amount of blood. General, red blood cells are not present in the urine and the presence of these cells is almost always an indicator of an abnormal sample.
white blood cells may be present both in both normal and abnormal vzoRky urine, but the presence of these cells is likely to indicate infection. Generally, white blood cells in the urine sample are indicated by urinary tract infections or kidney infection. In some cases, urine sample may be contaminated with white blood cells from the outer genital area. When this happens, it is often an indication of external genital infection.
It is common to find bacteria in a normal urine sample, especially if the sample was given by a woman or girl. This is because the sample is likely to contain cells and bacteria from the outer genital area. Therefore, bacterial microscopic urine analysis involves exploring the types of bacteria present in the sample rather than the simple presence of bacteria. In most cases, this requires that the urine sample will be cultivated to determine which bacteria are present in sufficiently large numbers to cause infection.
castings and crystals are clusters of substances, usually cells or molecules that are transmitted to the urine. Casts are red or white blood cellsk that stuck together. Generally, the presence of red blood cell castings indicates infection of kidney or kidney disease. If castings of white blood cells are present, it is a solid indicator of acute kidney infection or inflammation. When the crystals are found in microscopic urine analysis, it may indicate liver disease, but in samples of healthy people a small number of castings are often observed.