What Is an Exanthem?

The state of emergency refers to the occurrence or imminent occurrence of a particularly serious emergency that requires state organs to exercise emergency powers to control and eliminate their social hazards and threats. The relevant state organs decide and declare local or national implementation in accordance with the authority prescribed by the Constitution and laws. A temporary critical condition. In the state of emergency, the laws of various countries have corresponding provisions. The government can take special measures to restrict certain actions of members of the society. The government also has the right to force the relevant citizens to provide certain services or properties for a fee. Members of the society are also obliged to cooperate with the government in an emergency. Measures taken to respond to and resolve emergencies.

State of emergency

(Legal term)

The state of emergency refers to the occurrence or imminent occurrence of a particularly serious emergency that requires state organs to exercise emergency powers to control and eliminate their social hazards and threats. The relevant state organs decide and declare local or national implementation in accordance with the authority prescribed by the Constitution and laws. A temporary critical condition. For this, you can choose from the following four

China's current constitution originally stipulated three types of extraordinary legal states: war, mobilization, and

Chinese-English control: emergency state; state of emergency; emergency state;

1. The definition of emergency in Modern Chinese Dictionary is: a very urgent situation, which generally refers to the state of a country facing war.

2. The "Law Dictionary of Law" is defined as the state of crisis declared when the country's security and social order is severely threatened or damaged (such as war, civil strife, and severe natural disasters) nationwide or in some regions.

3.Emergency state refers to the danger in the next country.

Emergency Source Development

Emergency law in the modern sense originated in Germany and Austria before and after World War I. The Constitution clearly stipulates that the head of state has the right to take response measures in an emergency. Since then, developed countries, such as the United Kingdom, the United States, Germany, France, and Japan, have formulated emergency systems or similar laws and regulations, thereby making emergency conditions an important method for national crisis to spread worldwide.

State of Emergency Legislation

The United States promulgated the "Emergency State Act" in 1976, which stipulates the national emergency declaration procedures, time limits, government fiscal expenditures, and powers in emergency situations. During a state of emergency, the president can enact special regulations and exercise special powers. But once the state of emergency ends, these regulations will lapse. It also stipulates that when a state is declared a state of emergency by a foreign threat, the President can exercise special powers under this law for foreign exchange control in relation to foreign or foreigners, international payments, and the transfer or transfer of currency, securities, and property. In August 1990, US President George W. Bush issued Executive Order 12722, announcing a national emergency order to deal with the "threat in Iraq." After the "September 11th" incident, the United States made more operational and practical amendments to the emergency response plan and regulations.

In the United Kingdom, a series of special laws on emergencies have been enacted, such as the Emergency Powers Act of 1920 and the Domestic Defense Act of 1964.

Russia enacted the State of Emergency Act in 2002. In order to implement a state of emergency throughout Russia or in certain regions, the Federal President must issue an order and immediately notify the Federal Council and the State Duma of this situation and submit it to the Federal Council for approval. If the presidential decree is not approved by the federal commission, it will automatically expire 72 hours after it is issued.

Countries such as India, Pakistan, and Turkey have also stipulated states of emergency in their constitutions. They are mainly aimed at threats of war and ethnic and regional conflicts, political turmoil, strikes, demonstrations, coups, etc., and implement military control and martial law to regulate and adjust the state of emergency .

Although Japan does not have a special emergency law, it has formulated laws to deal with various emergencies, such as the "Police Law," "Self-Defense Forces Law," and "Basic Law on Disaster Response." When disasters occur, the state's emergency treatment measures should make specific and clear regulations. There are also many countries that have stipulated a state of war emergency in war or military regulations such as the Law of War, National Defense Law, and War Mobilization Order.

Civil rights protection in emergencies

When the country faces various political crises, natural disasters and other special moments, and the country enters a state of emergency, the state of emergency law or related regulations can indeed play a special role, and it can ensure that the government will continue to implement effective measures for society in the event of an emergency Management, mobilization of all social resources that can be mobilized, coping with political crises and natural disasters, and ensuring that citizens' rights and interests are protected to the greatest extent possible in times of crisis.

In the context of globalization, many social crises appear in the form of compound crises with high frequency, diverse fields, rapid radiation, and huge losses. Only by improving a country's comprehensive crisis handling capacity can it respond to emergencies efficiently and orderly as a whole. Many The State has established a permanent crisis management coordination agency for this purpose.

In order to prevent governments from abusing emergency powers and effectively protecting the basic rights of citizens, the constitutions of many countries and relevant UN conventions stipulate that even during an emergency, some of the most basic human rights, such as the right to life, the right to know, and the right to religious belief, must not be allowed. Restricted, not to be deprived. The relevant crisis legal system in Australia provides for a relief mechanism for civil rights. When civil rights are violated, they can seek compensation from relevant authorities.