What is Meningococcemia?

The disease is mainly caused by meningococcal septicaemia with ecchymosis, which has diagnostic value.

Meningococcal disease

Alias: Meningococcal sepsis Location: skin, whole body, other departments: hematology, internal medicine Symptoms: fever maculopapular bacteremia, necrotizing fasciitis, fullness, irregular breathing, inflammatory damage, brain abscess, migrating abscess, differential diagnosis :Currently there are no related content description. Complications: About 10% of patients with common sepsis stage may develop herpes simplex around the lips or other parts about 2 days after the onset of symptoms.

Overview of meningococcal disease

The disease is mainly caused by meningococcal septicaemia with ecchymosis, which has diagnostic value.

Causes of meningococcal disease

Meningococcal Neisseria Neisseria gram-negative staining that causes this disease is mainly in the nasopharynx. It is usually transmitted by droplets from patients or carriers. It is more common in children under 10 years of age and in the epidemic season. For the good season

Pathogenesis of meningococcal disease

Meningococcal invasion into the blood circulation causes sepsis. The skin manifestations are mainly ecchymosis, and the pathological manifestations are vascular endothelial damage, vascular wall inflammation, necrosis and thrombosis, bleeding around the blood vessels, and subcutaneous mucosal and serous membranes.

Meningococcal symptoms signs

Because there are various types of meningococcal septicaemia, there are also various skin lesions.

1. Common septic stage rash can be seen in about 70% of patients. Shortly after the disease, mainly petechiae and ecchymosis appear. Seen on the whole body skin and mucous membranes 1cm ~ 1cm petechiae ecchymosis before the appearance of systemic rose rash In severe cases, the petechiae and ecchymosis can rapidly expand and large skin necrosis occurs due to thrombosis. In addition, herpes pustules can be seen in about 10% of patients. Herpes simplex can appear around the lips or other parts about 2 days after the onset

2. Fulminant septicemia often occurs within a short period (12h) of extensive petechiae and ecchymosis throughout the body and rapidly expands into a large subcutaneous hemorrhage or is followed by necrosis.

3. Chronic meningococcal septicemia often occurs in batches after fever. Red maculopapular rash is the most common petechiae. Subcutaneous bleeding and pustules can also be seen. Sometimes nodular erythema-like rashes can be seen in the center. Bleeding rashes are more common. The rashes also exacerbate after extinction of fever in the extremities. The diagnosis of meningococcal meningococcal cultured from the patient's cerebrospinal fluid or blood can be immediately established. Blood smears can be taken in early ecchymosis lesions to obtain positive results.

Meningococcal histopathology

1. The main lesions during the sepsis stage are vascular endothelial damage, vascular wall inflammation, necrosis and thrombosis, perivascular bleeding, and focal bleeding such as subcutaneous mucosa and serosa.

2. A large number of Gram-negative diplococcus skin visceral and vascular lesions can be found in violent skin in vascular endothelial cells and in the cavity. There are extensive endothelial cell destruction and shedding of blood vessels with fibrin-leukocyte-platelet thrombus.

3. In the chronic phase, more lymphocytes infiltrate around the blood vessels, and less neutrophils can be seen in the petechiae area except for bleeding.

Meningococcal Preventive Care

1. Do good publicity during the epidemic. Pay attention to personal environmental hygiene. Early detection and early treatment. Early isolation and injection of meningococcal vaccine can also be used for drug prevention.

2. Pay attention to skin hygiene, strengthen physical exercise and increase resistance

3. Maintain the integrity of skin function For skin diseases, especially pruritic skin diseases, timely and reasonable treatment should be performed to prevent skin damage and avoid irritation such as scratching and skin friction

4. Coats, towels, washbasins, etc. are prohibited from public use to prevent contact with infection. Patients should be properly isolated. Dressings and contact materials used by patients must be strictly disinfected or incinerated. During the illness, except for cleaning skin lesions with medicinal solution, it is prohibited to wash the affected area with tap water to prevent extension.

5. You should not drink alcohol or eat spicy food when you are sick.

Meningococcal medications

(A) treatment

According to the treatment of epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis, penicillin or chloramphenicol ceftriaxone or cefuroxime can be used. In addition, it is necessary to pay attention to acid-base balance and prevent electrolyte disorders.

(B) the prognosis

Fulminant septicemia often occurs within a short period (12 hours) of extensive petechiae and ecchymosis throughout the body and rapidly expands into a large subcutaneous hemorrhage or necrosis of chronic meningococcal sepsis sepsis fever fever subsides