What Are Fire Classes?

"Firefighting" is to eliminate hidden dangers and prevent disasters (that is, a general term for preventing and solving man-made, natural, and accidental disasters that people encounter in their lives, work, and studies). Of course, the narrow meaning in the early stage of people's understanding is: (extinguish) The meaning of fire.

[xio fáng]

Emergency management department fire rescue bureau logo

The fire protection team in our country is a fire protection force system which is based on the active fire protection team of public security, supplemented by full-time fire protection teams of local governments and full-time fire protection teams of enterprises and institutions.

1. Public security fire brigade. The public security fire brigade is a component of the public security organs, with a total of nearly 124,657 posts. It has an active duty system and is included in the Chinese People's Armed Police Force.

Note: In some economically developed areas, local governments have adopted an increase in administrative public security establishment to establish non-active police fire brigades, and personnel enjoy the treatment of the people's police. There are currently more than 950 people in the country.

2. Full-time fire brigade of local government. In accordance with the form of "government investment, multiple systems, open recruitment, and public security management", full-time firefighters are recruited through contractual employment methods, and a local government full-time fire brigade is formed with about 10,000 people.

3. Full-time fire brigades of enterprises and institutions. There are full-time fire brigades in airports, ports, oil fields, power plants, and other large enterprises and institutions with high fire risks. There are 76,000 people in the country, mainly responsible for the fire protection tasks within the unit.

China has promulgated and implemented more than 20 fire protection laws and regulations, more than 200 national fire protection regulations, national and industry technical standards, and more than 60 local fire protection regulations. A basic law based on the Fire Protection Law and fire protection regulations and technical specifications and standards have been initially formed. As well as the local fire protection laws and regulations.

1. Fire laws. On April 29, 1998, the Second Meeting of the Standing Committee of the Ninth National People's Congress considered and passed the Fire Protection Law of the People's Republic of China, which came into effect on September 1 of the same year. The "Fire Protection Law" is divided into six chapters and fifty-four chapters, including general rules, fire prevention, fire prevention organizations, fire fighting and rescue, legal liability and supplementary rules. In order to meet the needs of rapid economic and social development, the Fire Protection Law is being revised.

The current "Fire Protection Law of the People's Republic of China" has been amended and promulgated by the Fifth Session of the Standing Committee of the Eleventh National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China on October 28, 2008.

2. Local fire regulations. In addition to national legislation, the people's congresses of provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government have promulgated local fire protection laws and regulations in accordance with the principles and provisions of the Fire Protection Law and in combination with local conditions.

3. Departmental regulations. The Ministry of Public Security has promulgated

1. Fire supervision and management

Supervise and manage various construction projects. According to the "Fire Protection Law", construction projects for new construction, reconstruction, expansion, interior decoration and change of use must be designed in accordance with national fire protection technical standards for construction projects. The construction unit shall submit relevant fire protection design drawings and relevant materials to the local public security fire protection agency for review and approval before construction; when completed, the public security fire protection agency shall pass inspection and acceptance before being put into use.

Implement daily fire supervision and inspection. According to the provisions of the Fire Protection Law, public security fire protection agencies shall supervise and inspect the compliance of fire prevention laws and regulations by agencies, groups, enterprises and institutions. Supervise and spot check the key units of fire safety. In addition, fire safety inspections should be carried out before large-scale mass events with fire hazards are held, and public gathering places are used or opened. No fee shall be charged for supervision and inspection of fire protection design and acceptance of construction projects. The staff shall show their credentials when conducting supervision and inspection. The hidden fire hazards discovered during the inspection shall be ordered to correct immediately or within a time limit according to law. Those who refuse to make corrections shall be punished according to law.

Supervise and manage the quality of various fire protection products. Fire-fighting products are products involving personal and property safety. According to relevant laws and regulations, and with reference to international common practices, a market access system has been formulated for various fire-fighting products. All domestic and foreign fire protection products entering the Chinese market should comply with the market access system. China implements a compulsory product certification (3C) system for 12 products in 4 categories, including fire trucks, fire alarm equipment, fire hoses, and sprinkler equipment; and implements a type approval system for 53 products in 9 categories, including fire doors and fire extinguishers; Compulsory inspection system is implemented for other fire products. The fire product conformity assessment center of the Ministry of Public Security specifically undertakes the evaluation of compulsory product certification, type approval and access systems, and the four national fire product quality supervision and inspection centers undertake compulsory inspection. Namely: National Center for Quality Supervision and Inspection of Fixed Fire Extinguishing Systems and Refractory Components; National Quality Supervision and Inspection Center for Fire Protection Equipment Products; National Quality Supervision and Inspection Center for Fire Protection Electronic Products; National Quality Supervision and Inspection Center for Fire Protection Building Materials.

Relevant personnel should hold a post to work. Fire-hazardous operators and operators of automatic fire-fighting systems, such as electric welding and gas welding, must pass the training and pass the examination to pass the post.

2.Fire extinguishing and rescue

According to the provisions of the Fire Protection Law, in addition to ensuring the completion of fire fighting, the public security fire brigade should also participate in the rescue and rescue work of other disasters and accidents. In May 2006, the State Council issued the "Opinions on Further Strengthening Fire Fighting Work", which called for "giving full play to the backbone role of the public security fire brigade as a professional force for emergency rescue and rescue", further clarifying the "unification of public security fire brigade with local people's governments at all levels Under the leadership, in addition to completing fire rescue missions, it is necessary to actively participate in the release of hazardous chemicals, road traffic accidents, earthquakes, building collapses, major safety production accidents, air crashes, explosions, terrorist incidents, and mass distress incidents that mainly save lives. Rescue work, and participated in cooperating with natural disasters such as floods, droughts, meteorology, geological disasters, forests, grassland fires, mining, water accidents, major environmental pollution, nuclear and radiation accidents and public health emergencies. "

3. Fire accident investigation and fire statistics

Fire accident investigation. The Fire Protection Law has made clear provisions for investigation of fire accidents, and the Ministry of Public Security has also issued the Rules for Investigation of Fire Accidents, which clearly stipulates the duties, work procedures and methods for investigation of fire accidents. To provide technical support for objectively, impartially and scientifically determining the cause of a fire, the Tianjin Fire Material Identification Center of the Fire Bureau of the Ministry of Public Security and the Shenyang Fire Material Identification Center of the Fire Bureau of the Ministry of Public Security were established. The Ministry of Public Security has established a national fire accident investigation expert group composed of experts from multiple disciplines. Its main task is to be assigned by the Ministry of Public Security or agreed by the Ministry of Public Security to assist and guide the investigation of fire accidents in various places and relevant departments, and provide opinions on the causes of the fire; participate in research and formulate development plans, technical specifications and standards for the investigation of fire accidents. Collect and study information on fire accident investigations at home and abroad; receive technical consultation and training on fire accident investigations.

Fire statistics. According to fire classification standards, fires in China are divided into major fires, major fires and general fires. A fire with one of the following criteria is a major fire: more than 10 people died (including the same number, the same below); more than 20 people were seriously injured; more than 20 people were killed or seriously injured; more than 50 households were affected; and direct property loss was more than 1 million yuan. A fire in one of the following situations is a major fire; more than 3 people are killed; more than 10 people are seriously injured; more than 10 people are killed or seriously injured; more than 30 households have been affected by the disaster; and direct property losses have been more than 300,000 yuan. Fires without the first two conditions are general fires.

Planning and layout of the fire brigade (station)

Fire stations are divided into ordinary fire stations and special service fire stations. Ordinary fire stations are divided into first-class ordinary fire stations and second-class ordinary fire stations. Cities must set up first-class ordinary fire stations; cities above the prefecture level (inclusive) and economically developed county-level cities should set up special service fire stations; areas where urban first-class ordinary fire stations are really difficult to set up in urban built-up areas can be set up after demonstration Class 2 ordinary fire stations; cities with mission requirements can set up professional fire stations such as water fire stations and aviation fire stations. The layout of fire stations in urban planning areas should generally be determined on the principle that the fire brigade can reach the edge of the responsibility zone within 5 minutes after receiving the dispatch instruction. The area of the fire station is determined according to the following principles: ordinary fire stations should generally not be larger than 7 square kilometers, and ordinary fire stations located in the suburbs are still determined on the principle that the fire brigade can reach the edge of the responsibility zone within 5 minutes after receiving the dispatch instruction. The area under its jurisdiction should not be greater than 15 square kilometers. It can also be used to determine the area of fire station jurisdiction through assessment methods for urban fire risks. As of the end of 2005, there were a total of 3,032 public security fire brigades (stations) in the country, of which 2,445 were general fire stations, 246 were general fire stations, 263 were special fire stations, and 78 were other types of fire stations.

Fire equipment construction

Fire fighting equipment is divided into three parts: vehicle equipment, equipment and personal protective equipment. By city

Fire protection is a general term for fire prevention and suppression. The implementation of the "prevention-oriented, combination of prevention and elimination" policy in China's fire protection work is a practical summary of people's struggles with fire for many years, and it has been included in the "Fire Protection Law of the People's Republic of China" adopted by the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress.

The fire protection policy can be summarized as:

(1) (2) (2) (3) The policy of "prevention-oriented and combination of prevention and elimination".

Correctly handle the relationship between "anti" and "elimination".

We must comprehensively, conscientiously and correctly implement the policy of "prevention-oriented and combination of prevention and elimination."

(1) Control and eliminate all unsafe conditions and factors in the event of fire and explosion;

(2) Conditions and factors that limit or eliminate fire, explosion spread, and expansion;

(3) Ensuring that there are sufficient security openings and passages for personnel escape and material evacuation;

(4) Thoroughly investigate the causes of fires and explosions, and "three miss". That is, the reasons are unknown. Responsibility for the accident and the masses will not be ignored without education, and precautionary measures will not be ignored.

Fire protection is a highly social work. It can only be done well by relying on the strength of the whole society and with the care, attention, support and participation of members of the whole society. The sociality of fire work tools; fire management should penetrate into all areas of human production and life, thus determining the social nature of fire work; fire protection

1. Parents and teachers should educate children to develop a good habit of not playing with fire. No unit shall organize minors to fight the fire.

2. Don't throw cigarette butts and flames.

3 Flammable and combustible materials should not be used for interior decoration.

4 Fire hydrants are related to public safety, and must not be damaged, occupied or buried.

5. Take care of fire fighting equipment and master the use of common fire fighting equipment.

6. Do not bring flammable and explosive materials into public places and take public transportation.

7. When entering public places, pay attention to observe fire signs and remember evacuation directions.

8. Keep the evacuation routes clear under all circumstances.

9. Anyone who discovers acts that endanger public fire safety can report it to the public security fire department or the public security officer on duty.

10 Special care should be taken for domestic fire. Do not place flammable or flammable items near the fire source.

l1. If you find a gas leak, close the valve quickly, open the doors and windows, do not touch the electrical switches and use open flames.

12. Electrical lines are worn out and aging should be repaired and replaced in a timely manner.

13. The circuit fuse (chip) is blown. Do not replace it with copper wire or iron wire.

14. Do not overload electricity.

15. Find a fire speed call l19, fire brigade does not charge for fire fighting,

16. Those who know the fire situation should promptly inform the firefighters of the surrounding people and flammable and explosive materials in the fire area.

17. Evacuate quickly when the fire strikes, and don't be greedy for property.

18. When you must escape through thick smoke, you should try to cover your body with wet clothes, cover your nose and mouth, and close to the ground.

19. If you are on fire, you can roll on the spot or cover the fire extinguishers with heavy clothing.

20. When the fire cannot seal the door, you can use wet bedding, clothes, etc. to block the door gap, splash water to cool down, and call for help.

Burning and fire

1. Necessary conditions for burning:

On April 15, 2013, it was learned from the Ningde City Public Security Fire Detachment of Fujian Province that the first batch of 151 full-time (part-time) firefighters qualified in the city were officially employed in 106 key fire safety units in Fuding City that morning Job.

According to Su Zuoqin, the head of the Ningde City Public Security Fire Detachment, since the beginning of the year, the city has adopted Fuding City as a pilot to promote the establishment of firefighters in key units of fire safety. The pilot work has been basically completed and the effects have begun to appear. The next step will be to promote the establishment of full-time (part-time) firefighters in all key fire safety units in the city.

The establishment of firefighters in key units of fire safety is an innovative measure adopted by the city to promote the construction of the "four capabilities" of fire safety and the "hukou" management of social units. The main practice is that the key units of fire safety shall adopt the method of selecting or recruiting from the original staff of the unit according to the fire danger and the number of employees, and select 1-4 employees aged 18-45 years old and above high school. Employees with education background, strong awareness of laws and regulations, and with more than 2 years of fire protection work experience are full-time (part-time) firefighters and take charge of the unit's own fire safety management work.

Full-time (part-time) fire fighters, under the leadership of the fire safety responsibilities of each unit, conduct a fire safety inspection once a day, conduct fire hazard investigation and modification activities at least once a week, and organize unit employees to conduct fire knowledge lectures and safety at least once a month. Skills training, conduct fire-fighting rescue drills and evacuation drills at least once every six months, and actively participate in emergency rescue tasks such as extinguishing initial fires and organizing evacuation and escape. In addition, full-time (part-time) firefighters also need to inform the fire department of the fire safety work of the unit every month.

In order to effectively prevent fire, every full-time (part-time) firefighter must pass the fire safety training before he can take up his post. The fire department will keep track of the firefighters' register files and work performance of each unit, and regularly review them every year. For the unqualified assessment, full-scale retraining or subject retraining shall be implemented. For those who fail the unqualified assessment for three consecutive years, the unit shall be urged to dismiss them.