What Is a Roadheader?

Boring machine is a machine for excavating a roadway on a flat ground.

Roadheader

At present, China has become the world's largest manufacturing base and application market for roadheaders. With the rapid growth of domestic urban road traffic, railways, highways, water conservancy, municipal engineering and other construction undertakings, China's road machinery has also ushered in rapid development. China's tunneling machinery industry has become a key supportive development industry for domestic high-end equipment manufacturing and strategic emerging industries.

The market prospect of China's roadheader is huge, and its market demand is huge. We analyze it from two aspects: coal mine roadheader and tunnel roadheader:

I. Market prospects of coal mine roadheaders

China is a large coal-producing country with many coal mines of all sizes. As the price of energy such as oil and gas rises, coal has become a very popular energy source in the country, and the demand in the future is bound to be huge, which will stimulate the rapid development of the coal mining industry. With the government's concern about the safety of coal mining, it is possible to gradually realize fully mechanized production in the future, which will inevitably further increase the demand for coal mining roadheaders.

Although the supply and demand of coal mining boring machines in the 21st century are close to equilibrium, if the prices of oil and natural gas remain high, the market supply and demand of domestic coal mining boring machines will continue to maintain the current level, coupled with the replacement of new and old equipment. The market size of the machine is quite considerable.

It is estimated that the domestic coal mining roadheader market still has certain development potential, so the coal mining roadheader market still has certain development space, but the extent to which the space can be reached depends on the changes in the international and domestic energy pattern in the next few years. .

However, in general, the domestic coal mining boring machine market will maintain a slow growth in the next few years. However, because China's coal mining boring machine has a strong competitive advantage in the international market, mainly due to its low price, it has been developing in neighboring countries and Africa. The coal-producing countries have strong competitiveness and can open up a certain market space. For domestic coal mining machine manufacturers, this will be a more critical development opportunity and prospect.

Second, the market prospect of tunnel boring machines

China's light tunnel boring machine market is gradually shrinking, and there is not much room for future development, but shield tunnel boring machines have very promising development prospects.

First of all, China's urban construction requires a large number of shield machines, especially in Shanghai, Beijing, Guangdong and other places. A large number of tunnel traffic projects are also required. In addition, railway construction also requires a lot of shield machines. Therefore, domestic shield machines The demand for mobile phones remained strong.

If the domestic self-sufficiency rate can be increased to 40%, the market size will exceed 1 billion yuan each year, which is considerable.

Moreover, the domestic shield technology is also gradually improving, and the gap with the technology of developed countries is gradually narrowing. Under the premise of close performance, low prices will inevitably have considerable competitive advantages in the market.

Shield Union Driving Machine for Coal Mine Entry (SUDM-Shield Union Driving Machine for Coal Mine Entry), invented by Professor Xixing Tian of Xi'an University of Science and Technology, can realize the simultaneous support of tunneling and support. double.

In recent years, with the rapid development of China's coal industry, the coal machinery industry, which depends on it, has also received increasing attention. In the coal industry's programmatic document "Several Opinions on Promoting the Healthy Development of the Coal Industry", at the National Coal Industry Science and Technology Conference and the State

However, the current rock lane construction in China is still dominated by the drilling and blasting method. The heavy cantilever roadheader is used to test the large cross-section rock lane in China.

1. Drivers should have education level above junior high school, love their own jobs, have a strong sense of responsibility, and can only take up posts and hold a permit after passing special training and passing the exam.

2. The driver must be familiar with the structure, performance and operation principle of the machine, be able to operate the machine accurately and skillfully, and understand the general maintenance and troubleshooting of the equipment.

3. The driver must insist on using all the safety locks and protection devices on the roadheader. They must not modify or throw away without authorization, and cannot adjust the pressure of the hydraulic system and the atomization system at will.

4. The operating handles, buttons, and indicators of various electrical equipment control switches should be properly protected to prevent damage or loss.

5. In addition to being proficient in operating the machine, daily inspection and maintenance of the machine should also be performed. When the roadheader is found to be faulty, it should actively cooperate with the maintenance personnel to handle it. If it cannot be processed, it should immediately report to the squadron or the dispatching room.

6. Must be equipped with two drivers, the main driver is responsible for the operation, the second driver is responsible for monitoring. Must be concentrated, not leave the work site without authorization, and do not entrust unlicensed personnel to operate.

7. When the roadheader stops working, maintenance and handing over the shift, it is necessary to disconnect the disconnect switch on the machine and hang the blackout sign.

8. The shift driver must explain clearly to the successor driver about the machine operation and existing problems.

9. When the gas concentration reaches 1.5% in the wind current within 20 meters before and after the roadheader, it must stop running, cut off the power, and handle it. Only when the gas concentration has dropped below 1% can it be powered on.

10. After taking over, the driver should carefully check the working surface and the surroundings of the roadheader to ensure that the work area is safe, clean and free of obstacles.

11. Before starting up, the driver must check the machine:

(1) All operating handles and buttons should be complete, flexible and reliable, and each operating handle should be set to zero.

(2) Mechanical, electrical, hydraulic systems, safety protection devices should be normal and reliable, parts and components should be complete and complete, and all connecting screws should be complete and fastened.

(3) The cable clamps of each connection device of the electrical system should be complete and firm, and the cables should be neatly hung without damage and compression.

(4) The joints of hydraulic pipelines and atomization system pipelines shall be free from damage and leakage, and the protective devices shall be complete and reliable. Prepare the extended cables and water pipes along the working surface and suspend them neatly. The length of the cables and water pipes dragged behind the roadheader should not exceed 10 meters.

(5) The oil level and oil volume of the reducer and hydraulic oil tank should be appropriate without leakage, and the machine should be oiled and lubricated according to technical requirements.

(6) Reproduced tape machine should be intact and the supporting rollers are complete.

(7) The cutting head and the tooth seat should be intact. If it is found that the tooth is lost or severely worn and cannot be used, the power of the roadheader should be cut off and replaced in time.

(8) Load the claw and sprocket intact. The scraper chain sag should be appropriate, no broken chain and lost pins, and the scraper is complete and undamaged. Tighten the lock nut to prevent the scraper from loosening.

(9) Tracks, track pads, pins, and sprocket wheels are kept intact, and adjust the tightness of the tracks as required.

(10) The spray system, cooling device and lighting should be intact.

12. After the inspection confirms that the machine is normal and the operator has been evacuated to a safe place, the power is allowed to be transmitted, and the test run is carried out under no load according to the operating procedure, and no load is allowed

start.

13. Send an alarm signal before starting, and start in accordance with the prescribed sequence of the technical operation of the machine.

14. Determine the best cutting method according to different properties of coal and rock. The specific method is as follows:

(1) When driving semi-coal rock, coal should be cut first, and then rock should be cut, that is, the procedure of soft first and then hard.

(2) Under normal circumstances, cutting should be started from the lower part of the working surface, and the bottom should be cut first and then cut.

(3) The bedding of coal and rock must be considered during cutting. The cutting head should move along the direction of bedding of the coal and should not cross the bedding.

(4) When cutting the whole coal, it should be brushed on all sides before breaking the middle part.

(5) For hard coal, adopt a top-down cutting procedure.

(6) For more broken roofs, the method of leaving top coal or cutting around the section should be adopted.

15. Pay attention to the following matters when cutting coal:

(1) When the rock hardness is greater than the cutting capacity of the roadheader, stop using the roadheader and take other rock breaking measures.

(2) Master the machine's propulsion speed according to the hardness of the coal and rock to avoid overloading the cutting motor or crushing the scraper conveyor, etc. When cutting, the shovel board should be lowered. If the amount of coal fall is too large to cause overload, the driver must immediately stop the machine and take out the roadheader for processing. It is strictly forbidden to jog the machine to avoid burning the motor or damaging the hydraulic motor.

(3) The cutting head must cut coal and coal under rotating conditions. The cutting head is not allowed to start with load, the propulsion speed should not be too large, and overload operation is prohibited.

(4) When the cutting head is in the lowest working position, it is forbidden to lift the blade. The distance between the cutting part and the shovel board must not be less than 300 mm. It is strictly forbidden that the cutting head touches the shovel board. When cutting the upper coal and rock, it is necessary to prevent the teeth from touching the net and the beam.

(5) Always pay attention to clearing the bottom and clearing the floating coal (rock) on both sides of the body. When sweeping the bottom, you should press one blade at a time to avoid hard bumps at the bottom to prevent the pads from getting higher and higher when the tracks are advanced.

(6) When the coal rock mass exceeds the height and width of the machine gantry, it must be manually broken before shipment.

(7) When the cylinder reaches its end, the operating handle should be immediately released to avoid long-term overflow of the overflow valve, which will cause the system to heat up.

(8) When the boring machine digs forward, it is not allowed to make the cutting arm at the left and right extreme positions.

(9) Loaders, reloaders and rear supporting transportation equipment are not allowed to operate at overload.

(10) Pay attention to the sound of the mechanical parts, reducer and motor at all times, as well as pressure changes. Stop the machine and check immediately if any problems are found.

(11) Insufficient air volume and inadequate dust removal facilities.

(12) After the motor has been working for a long time, do not stop the cooling water immediately, and wait for the motor to cool for a few minutes before closing the water circuit.

(13) When a critical situation is found, the power must be cut off with the emergency stop switch. The cause can be found and the fault can be turned on before the fault can be eliminated.

16. Start the machine according to the following procedures:

(1) Pull out the emergency stop button on the operation box and pull it to the normal position.

(2) Turn the power switch of the operation box to the "ON" position with special tools.

(3) Set the fault detection switch in the electrical box to the "normal" position.

(4) Ring alarm, start the oil pump motor, and then start the cutting motor (the cutting motor can only be started when the support switch on the operation box is turned to the "running" position), and the startup process is complete.

(5) Operate the corresponding operation handles to realize the working procedure.

(6) After the work program is completed, you can turn the corresponding motor operation switch to the stop position when stopping the machine. When emergency stop is needed, it can be achieved by pressing the emergency stop button on the operation box, or pressing the emergency stop button on the electrical box, or pressing the emergency stop button on the non-driver side of the roadheader.

(7) When the driver leaves the driver's seat, he must push the "emergency stop" button on the operation box and use a special tool to turn the power switch to the "off" position.

17. The shovel board should be dropped when the roadheader is moving forward, and the shovel board should be lifted when it is moving backward.

18. The supporting oil cylinder should be raised when the roadheader works, and the supporting oil cylinder should be stowed when moving forward and backward.

19. The driver should concentrate on his work, start the car smoothly, be optimistic about the direction, and obey the command of the head-on staff. When it is found that there is a threat of roof fall or the safety of personnel is endangered, the machine shall be stopped immediately and the power shall be cut off.

20. Closing work

(1) After stopping in accordance with the prescribed operating sequence, the roadheader should be retracted to a safe place and the shovel board should be placed on the bottom. The cutting head is retracted, the cutting arm is placed on the bottom plate, the water valve is closed, and the cables and water pipes are suspended.

(2) On the working surface with large water, cover the electrical equipment such as the motor, control box, and operation box.