What Is a Rubber Belt?

Rubber refers to a highly elastic polymer material with reversible deformation. It is rich in elasticity at room temperature, can produce large deformation under a small external force, and can return to its original state after removing external force. Rubber is a completely amorphous polymer. Its glass transition temperature (T g) is low, and its molecular weight is often large, greater than several hundred thousand.

[xiàng jio]

Rubber means high elasticity with reversible deformation

The word rubber comes from the Indian word cau-uchu, which means "tree of tears." Natural rubber is made of

Natural rubber is made from latex, and some of the non-rubber components contained in the latex remain in the solid natural rubber. In general, natural rubber contains 92% -95% of rubber hydrocarbons, while non-rubber hydrocarbons account for 5% -8%. Due to different production methods, different producing areas, and different rubber collection seasons, the proportion of these ingredients may be different, but they are basically within the range.

Linear structure: general structure of unvulcanized rubber. Due to the large molecular weight, the macromolecular chains are in the form of random curvilinear clusters without external force. When external force acts, except for withdrawal

Divided into lumps by shape,

The rubber industry is one of the important basic industries of the national economy. It not only provides people with indispensable daily use,

The price of rubber raw materials fluctuates sharply, making it difficult for companies to control their costs

In 2011, the prices of rubber and other raw materials fluctuated greatly. Natural rubber hit a record high of 43,500 yuan / ton in the first quarter. Synthetic rubber made an aggressive attack in the second and third quarters, with an increase of 10,000 yuan / ton, and then fell sharply. Affected by the sharp fluctuations in rubber prices, major rubber products companies such as tires bear the brunt. Production and operating costs are difficult to control, inventory risks increase, and profit margins are reduced to 2% -5%. The industry is facing severe challenges.

Industry growth slowed down rationally and entered a benign development track

As the prices of rubber raw materials fluctuated sharply, the domestic and foreign markets continued to slump, and domestic demand slowed. China's main rubber product output growth rate fell and exports fell, but there was no big ups and downs, and the overall economic operation remained stable. At the same time, the operating quality has been optimized: progress has been made in the adjustment of the product structure, the tire meridianization rate has reached 86.5%, an increase of 2.5% year-on-year, and other product structures have also improved greatly; the transformation of the growth pattern of the rubber industry has achieved initial results, and the dependence of tires on external demand The reduction of energy consumption has been significant. The energy consumption of the industry has been reduced, and a number of energy-saving equipment, green tires and other green materials have been emerging. These changes show that when the economic growth rate is moderately reduced, it will help to adjust the structure and promote various reforms. The economic operation of China's rubber industry has begun to enter a healthy development track.

From January to October in the first half of 2012, the main economic indicators of the domestic rubber industry continued to increase slightly, and the output of major rubber products

Different rubber compounding agents should appropriately refer to the basic formula, as follows

It is very important to study the specific surface area of the main rubber of zinc oxide stearate antioxidant accelerator sulfur carbon black magnesium oxide carbon black.

1. NR (natural rubber) 100 5 2 (PBN 1) (DM 1) 2.5

2. SBR (styrene rosin) 100 3 1 (NS 1) 1.75 (furnace method 50)

3 CR (chloroprene) 100 5 0.5 (D2) (NA-22 0.35) (SRF29) 4

4 IIR (

Natural rubber can be divided into standard rubber (also known as granular rubber), smoke film, concentrated rubber, white crepe film, light-colored film, clear rubber and air-dried film. The most commonly used are standard rubber and smoke film. Standard rubber is divided into four grades: SCR5, SCR10, SCR20, and SCR50. Glue is divided into five grades: 1-5 smoke film (RSS1-RSS5).

Standard rubber: Standard rubber is mainly divided into No. 5 rubber, No. 10 rubber and No. 20 rubber. No. 5 glue is the first-grade glue, which is the best glue, which contains 0.05% impurities; No. 10 glue is the second-grade glue, which contains 0.10% impurities; No. 20 glue is the third-grade glue, which contains impurities 0.20%. Different types of rubber have different uses: No. 5 rubber is generally used to make tire inner tubes; No. 10 rubber and No. 20 rubber are generally used to make tire tires.

Cigarette film: The film obtained by fumigating the natural film that has been depressurized with moisture and heat generated by burning coconut shell. The purpose of fumigation is to dry the film and inject the anti-oxidant and anti-corrosive cresol material. Smoke film belongs to the primary shape of natural rubber.

Concentrated glue: can be used as a bonding material.

Crepe film:

Extra-thin white crepe film

The goods delivered must be extremely white, uniform, dry, and solid rubber.

No discoloration, acid odor, dust, crumbs, grit or other foreign matter, oil or other stains, signs of oxidation or overheating shall be allowed for any reason.

Grade 1 thin white crepe film

The goods delivered must be white, dry, and solid rubber. Very slight shade differences are allowed.

Extra-thin light-colored crepe film

The goods delivered must be light, uniform, dry, and solid rubber.

Grade 1 light-colored crepe film

The goods delivered must be light-colored, dry, and solid rubber. Very slight shade differences are allowed.

Secondary thin light crepe film

The goods delivered must be dry, solid rubber. The color is slightly darker than the first-level light-colored crepe film. Slight differences in shades are allowed.

Speckle and streak rubber are allowed to the extent shown in the sample. However, among the inspected plastic bags, the number of such plastic bags shall not exceed 10% of the number of plastic bags inspected.

Except as permitted above, discoloration, dust, crumbs, grit or other foreign matter, oil or other stains, oxidation or signs of overheating are not allowed for any reason.

Three-level thin light crepe film

The goods delivered must be light yellow, dry and solid rubber. Differences in shades are allowed.

Natural rubber NR

(Natural Rubber) Made from rubber tree latex, is a polymer of isoprene. Has good abrasion resistance, high elasticity, tear strength and elongation. It is easy to age in the air, become sticky when heated, easily expand and dissolve in mineral oil or gasoline, resistant to alkali but not strong acid. Advantages: good elasticity, acid and alkali resistance. Disadvantages: heat resistance, oil resistance (resistant to vegetable oil), is the raw material for making tapes, hoses, rubber shoes, and is suitable for making shock-absorbing parts, products used in hydroxide-containing liquids such as automobile brake oil, ethanol.

SBR SBR

(Styrene Butadiene Copolymer) Copolymer of butadiene and styrene. Compared with natural rubber, it has uniform quality, fewer foreign materials, better abrasion resistance and aging resistance, but weaker mechanical strength, and can be blended with natural rubber. Used together. Advantages: low cost non-oil resistant materials, good water resistance, good elasticity below 70, and poor compressibility at high hardness. Cons: Not recommended

This process includes plasticizing,

There are strict quality requirements in rubber materials and products, such as tensile strength, elastic modulus, elongation, and aging resistance. Rubber products are used in areas with high precision, and these parameters are often demanding.

In the early days of rubber development in China, a rubber product committee was established to be responsible for rubber R & D, academic, and quality supervision.

1 Resistance to weight gain experiment

Samples can be taken from the finished product, soaked in one or more selected media, weighed after a certain temperature time, and the type of material can be inferred based on the rate of change in weight and hardness.

For example at 100

The greater the polarity of the rubber, the better the bonding effect. Among them, nitrile butadiene neoprene has high polarity and strong bonding strength; natural rubber, silicone rubber, and isobutyl rubber have low polarity and weak adhesion. In addition, the surface of the rubber often has a release agent or other free assistants, which hinders the bonding effect.

Adhesives are used to glue the rubber, and the specific methods are divided into hot sticking and cold sticking.

The hot sticking method uses plasticized unvulcanized raw rubber together with the adhered rubber product.

Rubber transportation

The rubber industry has developed along with the automotive industry. The rapid development of the automobile industry and petrochemical industry in the 1960s has greatly improved the production level of the rubber industry. In the 1970s, in order to meet the needs of high speed, safety and energy conservation of automobiles, eliminate pollution and prevent pollution, Promote the continuous appearance of new tire varieties. Raw rubber consumption occupies a considerable proportion in transportation. For example: a Jiefang brand 4-ton truck needs more than 200 kilograms of rubber products, a hard-seat carriage needs to be equipped with more than 300 kilograms of rubber products, and a giant 10,000-ton wheel requires nearly 10 tons of rubber products. Airliners require nearly 600 kilograms of rubber. In sea, land and air transportation, no one can do without rubber products. As a means of transportation, tires are a major accessory. In addition to the production of ordinary tires, we have also vigorously developed radial tires and tubeless tires. Some also use rubber tires in subways. Railway vehicles and automobiles are widely used in rubber spring shock-absorbing products and airtight rubber. Large-scale stores, stations, and subways are also using people-carrying belts. In addition, there are "hovercrafts" and "hovercrafts" made of rubber.

Rubber Industry Mine

The industrial sector needs more rubber products, large and small, with many varieties and a wide range of uses, and some have special requirements. The main products are tape, hose, sealing gasket, rubber roller, rubber sheet, rubber lining and labor protection products. In mining, coal, metallurgy and other industries, tapes are used to transport finished products, which are constantly appearing everywhere. For the needs of large-scale production, steel wire core conveyor belts and synthetic fiber conveyor belts are also produced. The rubber lining of mining mills uses forging rubber instead of manganese steel, which has increased the service life by two to four times and also reduced noise. This product has been promoted worldwide.

Rubber Agriculture, Forestry and Water Conservancy

The development of agriculture, forestry and water conservancy also requires a variety of rubber products. In addition to various tires for tractors and agricultural machinery, rubber tracks used in combine harvesters, rubber imperviousness used in irrigation ponds, water heels and reservoirs The use of floors and rubber dams, rubber boats, life-saving supplies, etc. are all increasing. There are rubber accessories in agricultural and sideline processing equipment and forestry, animal husbandry, and fishery technical equipment. For example, a Tie Niu 40 wheel tractor requires 121 pieces of rubber products. With the development of agricultural mechanization and farmland water conservancy, more and more rubber products are required.

Rubber military defense

Rubber is an important strategic material and is widely used in military defense. For example, a tank needs more than 800 kilograms of rubber; a 30,000-ton warship needs 68 tons of rubber. It is almost military equipment, Air Force facilities and defense engineering have rubber footprints. There are many varieties of ships, tents, warehouses, protective gear, bath clothes, etc. made of rubber. As for the high-temperature, low-temperature resistance, oil resistance, high vacuum resistance and other special rubber products required by cutting-edge national defense technology, it is indispensable. With the development of modernization of national defense, rubbers that can withstand a temperature range of minus 100-400 ° C, and can resist various acids, alkalis and oxidants with special properties are being developed and produced.

Rubber civil construction

Modern construction, rubber is even more useful. For example, glass windows are used in buildings to seal rubber strips, sound-proof floors, sound-absorbing sponges, rubber carpets, rain-proof materials, and dramatic walls painted with milky paint. Since the mid-1960s, large rubber spring seat cushions have been installed in buildings to reduce vibration and noise caused by subways. Foreign countries are still trial-producing rubber cushions that reduce the damage caused by earthquakes to buildings. The development of such rubber products is of great significance. The inflatable rubber soft rubber emulsion cement and rubber asphalt used in the manufacture of concrete hollow members are increasingly used in construction engineering. Mixing latex into cement can improve the elasticity and abrasion resistance of cement. Add 3% rubber or latex to the asphalt to pave the road, which can prevent the road from cracking and improve the impact resistance. Machinery, transportation equipment, protective equipment, etc. used in building construction have rubber accessories.

Rubber electrical communication

Another characteristic of rubber is that it has good insulation properties and is not easily conductive. Various wires and cables are mostly made of rubber. Hard rubber is also used to make hoses, sticks, plates, separators, and battery cases. In addition, it is also widely used as protective gloves, insulated gloves, rubber boots and shoes.

Rubber medical health

There are many rubber products used in the medical and health departments, such as the diagnosis, blood transfusion, urinary catheterization, gastrointestinal lavage, etc. in the anesthesiology department, urology department, surgery department, brain surgery department, orthopaedics department, fifth house department, radiology department in the hospital. Most of the gloves, ice sacs, sponge cushions, etc. used for color surgery are rubber products. There are also rubber products as accessories for medical equipment and instruments. Medical rubber products often have special requirements for it, such as non-toxic, sterilization, physiological inertia, radiation resistance and so on. The butyl rubber of the rubber towel has high biological inertness, chemical stability, and relatively low water and air permeability. It is used to process rubber stoppers, which can ensure the preservation of highly hygroscopic anti-business and anti-cancer preparations. Silicone rubber is becoming more and more widely used in the manufacture of medical products. For example, silicone rubber has been used to make artificial organs and human tissue substitutes. It has also been used to make drug capsules and put them in appropriate positions in the body to make the drugs in the capsule slowly and continuously. Released, it can improve the efficacy and is safer.

Rubber goods storage

Rubber is used not only for medical and health purposes, but also for storing fruits and vegetables. Since 1954, air-conditioning technology has made great progress, and rubber films have been widely used in silicone rubber to control and store fruits. Silicone rubber has superior air permeability to CO2 and O2 and a proper air permeability ratio. The ratio of the two is 6: 1, which means that carbon dioxide diffuses through the silicone rubber window six times faster than oxygen. Carbon dioxide and oxygen are about 200 times faster than polyethylene plastic film. According to the differences in the breathing intensity and quantity of different fruit and vegetable varieties, silicon rubber dumplings of various sizes can be made and embedded in plastic film controllers, which can maintain a proper amount of CO2 in the bag and form a good gas storage environment, thereby inhibiting Respiration intensity of fruits and vegetables, delays the metabolism rate, delays the ripening process of fruits and vegetables, and reduces water vapor to prevent decay. From the comparison of the tests of storing apples, the natural consumption of plastic film packaging for five months is less than 0.7%, and the unused natural consumption can reach 5.83%. For another example, using silicon rubber film gas-adjusted account to save Xihong over a month, the total rate of keeping green and good fruit is more than 70%, and the weight loss is 3.6%. After taking out, all the fruits can turn red and mature normally. Tomatoes that do not need tempering will turn red within a week and cannot be stored.

Rubber Culture, Education and Sports

Common all kinds of bladder, table tennis racket sponge rubber surface, swimming foot irritability, toy ball, gold pen, rubber, rubber sleeper, rubber thread, rubber stamp, blanket, balloon and sponge rubber pad, etc., widely used in cultural and educational institutions , Office, design drawing and sports equipment.

Rubber daily necessities

There are many rubber products in our daily life that serve us and are worn by urban and rural residents. It is a very large consumption of rubber products for B use. Others, such as raincoats, hot water bottles, elastic bands, children's toys, sponge cushions, and latex-impregnated products, all play their role in people's lives.