What Are the Most Common Complications of Cataract Surgery?

Complicated cataract refers to the abnormality of the local epithelium or internal metabolism of the lens caused by local lesions of the eye, or the lens turbidity caused by the erosion of the lens by inflammation and degeneration products produced by local lesions. In its essential sense, all cataracts caused by local or local lesions of the eye are in the category of concurrent cataracts. The morphological characteristics of lens opacity are related to the primary disease.

Cataract complications

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Complicated cataract refers to the abnormality of the local epithelium or internal metabolism of the lens caused by local lesions of the eye, or the lens turbidity caused by the erosion of the lens by inflammation and degeneration products produced by local lesions. In its essential sense, all cataracts caused by local or local lesions of the eye are in the category of concurrent cataracts. The morphological characteristics of lens opacity are related to the primary disease.

TCM disease name

Concurrent cataract

English name

complicated cataract)

Visiting department

Ophthalmology

Common locations

Eye Bureau

Common causes

Epithelial or internal metabolic abnormalities

Common symptoms

Opaque lens

Local eye inflammation mainly includes chronic uveitis, such as heterochromic iridocyclitis and Still's disease (adolescent rheumatoid arthritis), and uveitis; degenerative diseases include old retinal detachment and retinal pigment degeneration. , High myopia, chronic glaucoma, etc. Another is cataracts caused by intraocular tumors, ischemia, and fundus vascular diseases. Cataract after glaucoma filtering surgery, such as glaucoma filtering surgery and retinal detachment, is not uncommon clinically. Lens opacification with intraocular filling after vitrectomy is more common. In the above case,

Complicated cataract iridocyclitis associated with anterior segment diseases is the most common cause of concurrent cataracts. Typical turbidity can occur at

Related to the primary diseases that cause cataracts, such as retinal detachment, glaucoma, and ischemic optic nerve disease.

Diagnosis can be based on two characteristics of opacity of the lens: one is early color opacity with colored reflections. Second, the boundary between turbidity and surrounding cortex is unclear. In addition, a comprehensive eye examination or an eye history can reveal other abnormalities in the eye, such as old uveitis corneal lesions, etc., which are also important diagnostic criteria.

Early concurrent cataracts are susceptible to senile posterior cataracts or

The mechanism of concurrent cataract is not fully understood. It is thought that it is related to the inflammatory process disturbing the normal lens metabolism. In addition to posterior capsular opacity, concurrent cataract can also manifest as nuclear sclerosis or shallow cup opacity. The pathogenesis of cataracts caused by different causes is not exactly the same.

To prevent complications of cataract surgery, we need to do the following before surgery:

Cataract surgery is an intraocular surgery. During the operation, the incision of the bulbous conjunctiva is required. The corneal sclera is cut into the eye. Because the iris is stimulated during the operation, it can cause "eye redness" after surgery. [1] There may be other reasons caused.

1. Subconjunctival hemorrhage can make the eyes red, which is mostly caused by mechanical damage. The surgical incision of the conjunctiva can rupture the small blood vessels under the conjunctiva. At this time, there may be dark red bleeding spots on the white eyeballs. In this case, no treatment is required, and it can be completely absorbed without leaving a trace after 1 to 2 weeks.

2. Caused by the onset of acute congestive glaucoma. At this time, the intraocular pressure will be very high, not only red eyes, but also headaches, nausea and vomiting. At this time, you should go to the hospital for treatment and blood pressure in time.

3. Inflammation of the eye tissue caused by surgical stimulation, even the so-called iris ciliary body inflammation will make the eyes red. Usually the closer to the black eyes, the more obvious the color is dark red, and a few people will have severe iris ciliary inflammation after surgery. This situation requires dilation, oral anti-inflammatory drugs, and injection of hormones and antibiotics near the eye.

So generally speaking, the intraocular reaction after cataract is relatively light, and local eye drops can make the redness gradually disappear. The simpler the eye condition, the more skilled the operator is, and the faster the redness of the eye after surgery. For most patients, eye redness after cataract surgery lasts for about two weeks, and a few patients have about one month.

Cataract complications medication

The main purpose is to use drugs to improve and strengthen the metabolism of the lens of the eye, restore the function of the lens, limit the cataract to a certain level as much as possible, and prevent the further spread and deterioration of the cataract. At the same time, due to the long process from the onset of cataract to the possibility of surgical treatment, the length of this process varies from person to person, some months, some even as long as 7-10 years, the intermediate process for patients It is really painful, and it is necessary to use medicine to relieve the pain. The best medicine is that it has a more obvious effect on patients in the early and middle stages. It can cure early cataracts, or limit the early and middle cataracts to a more reasonable stage, prevent its further deterioration, and prevent cataracts from affecting the normal life of the elderly. At the same time, it also avoids the pain of surgery. The drugs on the market are mainly divided into two types: eye drops of the drop type and oral type.

At present, cataract drops on the market are mainly domestic medicines such as cardilin, Zanjingjing and cataract, and imported medicines mainly represented by Shapuai glutathione. Among several competing brands, the largest market share is cataract, which has a high clinical application rate and a relatively low price, and is widely accepted by doctors and patients. The main oral medicines on the market are Shi Yeguang Pills, Jin Zhen Shi Ming / Qi Ju Di Huang Pills, and Barrier Fuming Xiaomao Pills. According to a survey conducted by the Medicine and Health Care Network, about 70% of patients use eye drops and 30% taken orally, which also means that the eye drops have an absolute advantage. This is mainly because the eye drops are more convenient to use and can be directly dripped on the affected area And the price is not very high, many middle-aged and elderly people can afford it.

Some shortcomings of eye drops treatment

First of all, in terms of treatment effects, 78% of patients and doctors believe that the effect of eye drops is not good and cannot effectively prevent the further development of cataracts. 80% of patients hope that newer and better products will be available on the market. The deficiencies have also been confirmed by many years of clinical work by national authoritative medical institutions.

Secondly, there is also a certain degree of emphasis on the use method. Science shows that before using eye drops, you must wash your hands to prevent the bacteria on your hands from entering the eyes when the drops are dropped. Many patients ignore this, leading to many patients who have not cured their eyes. Inattention to health infection of other germs, causing eye complications, illness and illness, serious may cause glaucoma.

In the field of oral medicine, as there are no very effective medicines on the market and there is no relatively strong oral medicine to dominate the market, although there are many deficiencies in eye drops, patients are preferred to use eye drops for cold.

Cataract complications surgical treatment

Surgical treatment is the last choice for cataract patients. Many well-known large hospitals in China now have cataract surgery projects, and the level of surgical treatment has also been greatly developed. At present, there are many types of cataract surgery, doctors' skills are getting better, hospital equipment is getting more and more advanced, and many previous problems such as complications and the probability of recurrence after surgery have been greatly reduced. Most of the large-scale public welfare activities such as sending light to China have adopted surgical treatment.

1. The meaning of modern extracapsular cataract extraction is microsurgery under coaxial light illumination. The basic surgical method is to puncture and tear off the central part of the anterior capsule, deliver the nucleus of the lens, and simultaneously suck the cortex in the peripheral capsule with cataract to retain the complete posterior lens capsule and the peripheral anterior capsule. The main advantage of external cataract extraction is that it retains the posterior lens capsule, which is convenient for implantation and fixation of intraocular lens. It is suitable for adult nuclear cataract. At present in developed areas, extracapsular extraction and intraocular lens implantation are the main surgical methods. The disadvantage is that some patients need to undergo posterior capsulotomy because of cloudy posterior capsule within 1-5 years after surgery.

2. Intracapsular cataract extraction refers to the complete removal of the lens after the lens suspensory ligament is broken. Applicable to those with senile cataract who have crystal hard kung fu nucleus or lens dislocation. During surgery, special capsule forceps can be used to clamp the anterior capsule of the crystal or freeze and adhere to the crystal through the freezing head to remove the crystal from the incision. Because the supporting effect of the lens is lost after operation, the vitreous body is increased, there are many complications after the operation, and it is not easy to implant the posterior chamber intraocular lens. Such surgery is currently performed less frequently. However, in underdeveloped areas, most hospitals do not yet have microsurgical conditions, and intracapsular surgery is still the main cataract technique. For better eyes without intraocular lens after intracapsular extraction, intraocular lens suture fixation through transsclera is feasible.

3. Cataract aspiration is an extracapsular operation that sucks out the cloudy nucleus and cortex after puncturing the anterior lens capsule. It is mainly used for hard cataract and soft cataract. In recent years, this surgery has evolved into lensectomy. .

4. Cataract phacoemulsification is an extracapsular removal technique. The basic method is to make a -3MM small incision in the limbus sclera. The nucleus is crushed and sucked out by an ultrasonic pulverizer. It is suitable for cataracts with a medium hardness. Phacoemulsification shows that the operation is complicated and expensive.

5. Crystal cystectomy refers to the opaque posterior scar and the attached cortical central incision to achieve penetration. It is mainly applicable to congenital cataract or posterior cataract. YAG laser can be used for posterior capsulotomy or membrane incision.

6, optical iris resection in the past for congenital nuclear cataract mostly used subnasal segmental iris resection. Use transparent crystals in the peripheral area to transmit light and improve vision. Since the light comes from outside the boresight area, the imaging quality is poor. Unsatisfactory vision correction after surgery. The surgery also broke the barrier effect of the iris, which brought difficulties for later surgery and optical correction. This surgery is no longer advocated.

With the advancement of surgical methods and the improvement of equipment, according to the requirements for vision, those with vision around 0.4 can also undergo super-class acoustic emulsification surgery, but the price is very expensive and the average elderly cannot afford it. Therefore, it is best to choose to undergo surgery after the cataract is relatively mature to reduce the risk. ^[2]

Cataract Complications in Medicine

The problem of cataract is so serious, I believe that everyone also hopes to use a good way to treat the problem of cataract. Nowadays, there is a good way to solve the problem of cataract in traditional medicine. Combined with the advantages of traditional Chinese medicine, traditional Chinese medicine method can solve the problem of cataract. The analysis of the causes of the disease of the patients has a good effect on the treatment of cataracts. The main organs of cataract are liver, kidney and spleen. The traditional Chinese medicine method is mainly to nourish the five internal organs, nourishing yin and eyesight, promoting blood circulation, removing stasis, and regulating qi and collaterals. All cataract problems can be adjusted from the inside of the body. This is the advantage of traditional Chinese medicine in treating cataracts and is also popular One of the reasons.

Because of the profoundness and profoundness of traditional Chinese medicine, all traditional Chinese medicine treatment of cataracts can be combined with a variety of traditional Chinese medicine treatments. It can achieve thorough treatment from multiple aspects, and the specific advantages of traditional Chinese medicine have no adverse reactions, a wide range of applications, and are not easy to relapse. Why it's so concerned.