What Is Facial Toning?

Color spots are spots that are different from the surrounding colors. Including freckles, dark spots, chloasma, and age spots, etc., are pigmented skin disorders. A common brownish or melanin-prone skin lesion caused by an increase in melanin on the skin is more common on the cheeks and forehead, and worsens after sun exposure. It is more common in women and is related to pregnancy and long-term menstrual disorders.

Basic Information

English name

stain

Visiting department

dermatology

Multiple groups

female

Common locations

Cheek, forehead

Common symptoms

Freckles, dark spots, melasma, age spots, etc.

Causes of Stain

Formation of dark spots

(1) Ultraviolet radiation is the number one killer of plaques. The melanin deposition caused by ordinary people will be eliminated with the metabolism of the human body, but some people may have slower metabolism or older, leaving melanin and forming dark spots. .

(2) Metal substance poisoning caused by using expired or inferior cosmetics, such as lead, mercury, arsenic poisoning, etc.

(3) In the case of skin trauma, foreign matter such as dust and ink are embedded in the wound; use of iodine and purple potion; or eating foods containing pigments, such as soy sauce, black fungus, etc., will cause pigmentation and form dark spots.

(4) Living habits. Bad living habits such as stress, partial eclipse, and insufficient sleep can also increase melanin. Therefore, people with unstable sleep time have poor skin metabolism and will affect the production of melanin particles.

2. Freckle formation

(1) Genetic factors are the main reason for the formation of freckles. They are not necessarily inherited from their parents. They may be inherited from generation to generation. Freckles usually appear on the paler skin.

(2) Exposure to the sun, the ultraviolet rays in the sun on the one hand stimulate the frequent movement of pigment cells under the skin, creating a large amount of melanin; on the other hand, damage the normal metabolism function of skin cells, so that melanin cannot be smoothly discharged and remains on the skin. Even deposited in the dermis. Therefore, excessive sun exposure will increase and deepen freckles, but in winter, the freckles will gradually fade.

3. Formation of melasma

It is caused by the obstruction of the fine circulation between tissue cells, cell lysis and death, and increased melanin formation and pigmentation. The epidermal layer of the face is the thinnest, the capillaries are the most abundant, and the pigmentation is the easiest to form. The pigmentation sites are mainly In the basal layer of the epidermis, melanin granules are significantly increased. In more severe cases, melanin cells in the dermal layer also have more melanin. Compared with normal, the number of pigment cells, melanin formation, and melanin granule activity have increased.

(1) Imbalance of yin and yang in the human body, due to stagnation of liver and qi, causing blood stasis; Second, due to weak spleen and stomach, qi and blood cannot moisturize the face, and damp heat rises to the face to form spots; third, due to insufficient kidney yang, diffuse yang, and blood stasis chloasma.

(2) After pregnancy, the placenta secretes more androgen and progesterone, so chloasma is symmetrically distributed on the cheeks of pregnant women. However, after production, androgen and progesterone secretion return to normal, most people's plaques will naturally reduce or disappear.

(3) Drug factors: 9% to 20% of women who take oral contraceptives for a long time are prone to chloasma, and some people even have facial spots after taking oral contraceptives for one month. In addition, they take high blood pressure, diabetes medicine, and photosensitivity. Stronger foods, such as celery, parsley, and carrots, can also easily cause melasma.

(4) Some chronic diseases such as chronic hepatitis and tuberculosis can lead to increased tyrosinase activity and increased melanin production, while the body's own ability to exclude melanin is weakened. Once melanin cannot be excreted in time, it will also be produced on the face over time. Melasma; In addition, improper use of cosmetics will also aggravate and accelerate the formation of melasma, which is the cause of many pigmentations.

4. Formation of pregnancy stains

Pregnancy pigmentation is actually the same as the appearance of stretch marks. It is due to the special physiological conditions during pregnancy. Hormonal changes during pregnancy will temporarily increase melanin in the body. Melanin is a naturally occurring substance in the human body. The color of hair, skin and eyes is all From it. After a few months of delivery, the pigmented area during pregnancy is likely to gradually fade, and the skin should be able to return to normal color. However, some women's pregnancy spots will not completely disappear. Some safe measures can be taken to minimize the deepening of skin tone. .

Clinical manifestations of pigmentation

Types of pigmentation and their symptoms:

1. The type of stain

Pigments include freckles, dark spots, chloasma, and age spots, which are pigmented skin disorders.

2. Freckles

Autosomal dominant hereditary skin disease, which occurs at an early age, is more common in exposed areas such as the face, neck, and back of the hand of adolescents. It is light brown or dark brown spots, mostly scattered symmetrically, with a genetic tendency. Heavier spring and summer, shallower autumn and winter.

3. melasma

It is an acquired localized hyperpigmentation disease. It is the most common skin disease in female population, especially in the second to fifth month of pregnancy. It is also known as butterfly spot, pregnancy spot, liver spot, etc. These are the same type Diseases are named according to their morphology and age characteristics.

Stain check

Examination of the skin: Occurs in pale brown facial skin, dark brown gray brown pigmentation spots; often exacerbated by sunlight. Increased copper ion content in most patients may be a marker of increased tyrosinase activity.

Spot diagnosis

Stain symptoms

Based on clinical manifestations.

2. Pigment histopathology

Epidermal tissue cells and dermal tissue cells showed yellow pigment cells and free melanin.

3. Pigment disorders

Spots that are different from the surrounding colors. Pigments include freckles, dark spots, chloasma, and age spots, which are pigmented skin disorders.

Pigmentation treatment

There are various reasons for the formation of pigmented spots. Of course, the treatment methods are different, and the effects are very different.

Dark spots

Most are named after occupational melanosis. It is caused by long-term exposure of asphalt, coal tar, petroleum products or long-term inhalation of volatiles of these substances, which causes chronic skin inflammation, and eventually skin pigmentation occurs. Therefore, in the process of using and producing the above-mentioned substances, improve the operation method and minimize the chance of exposure. Install ventilation, exhaust, and vacuum equipment to reduce the concentration of smoke and dust in the workshop. When transporting asphalt, take necessary protective measures, preferably at night and on cloudy days; strengthen personal protection, wear work clothes, work caps, masks and gloves, and apply light-proof protective agents to the exposed skin; Stop contact and avoid sunlight. If the rash exudates and the swelling is obvious, you can use 3% boric acid solution for wet compress and rub the zinc oxide oil outside. Patients with severe systemic symptoms can take corticosteroids and antihistamines, and intravenous drip if necessary. Vitamin C has the effect of inhibiting the production of melanocytes. It can inject a large amount of vitamin C intravenously and can be combined with multivitamin treatment. Topical treatment for those with severe pigmentation can be topical with 3% hydroquinone cream or 5% Bai Jiangmer Ointment.

Senile plaque

In general, senile plaques do not cause any harm to the body. If senile plaques are widely seen in the body within a short period of time, or seborrheic keratosis rash is found, it is relatively hard to have keratosis or bleeding and pruritus. Should go to the hospital for examination.

Combining prevention and treatment with senile plaques, in order to prevent cell aging and reduce or delay the appearance of senile classes, we must first adjust the fat content in food, eat more fresh vegetables and fruits, and often take some drugs that inhibit fat peroxidation, such as vitamin E, C , B ₂ , cysteine, etc.

Participate in sports activities appropriately to avoid prolonged sun exposure and abnormal stimulation. Use sunscreen for sun protection. If the number of senile plaques is small, they can also be removed by laser, freezing, or other methods; or empirically, pat the back of the hand three times a day until it becomes red and hot, and rub it 100 times. It can disappear on its own in about two or three months.

3. Freckles

Freckles can be treated by chemical exfoliation (chemical cauterization), cryotherapy, dye laser surgery, mechanical grinding, etc. After treatment with the above-mentioned several surgical methods, the skin will turn black in the short term, and then slowly disappear. After oral vitamin C can promote the disappearance of pigmentation. At the same time, care should be taken to avoid strong sunlight and ultraviolet radiation, and use sunscreen. It should be pointed out that all the current treatment methods have different effects from person to person. Even if there are good effects at that time, there is no guarantee that they will not recur in the future, and these treatments should be performed in regular hospitals.

4. Pregnancy stains

The best way is to cover it with stretch mark cream. Do not try to bleach it, which will damage the molecular structure of the skin and cause permanent damage. Most pregnant women's scars will fade or disappear naturally within three months after giving birth. If it does not fade, consult a medical expert and slowly adjust. Since pregnancy is a period when skin inflammation is more likely to occur, it is best to use professional skin care products for pregnant women. Try to avoid irritation, don't put on too strong makeup, be sure to wear sunscreen or bring a parasol and hat when walking.