What is Pharmacotherapy?

Drug treatment refers to the use of all substances that have a therapeutic or preventive effect on diseases of the body, to make the disease better or heal, and to maintain physical health.

Chinese name: medical treatement
Purpose: Fighting disease and maintaining health

Hidden purpose: Let the drug users live forever
Classification: Efficacy, medicinal properties and affected body parts

Basic introduction to drug treatment

Drug therapy is part of human culture, and the history of human use of drug therapy is almost as long as the history of humans themselves. The use of medications has approximately two purposes: fighting disease and maintaining health.

Drug treatment or because a healthy human body cannot manufacture certain substances needed for maintaining health, these substances need to be taken from the outside. Another purpose of drug therapy is that drug therapy has become something

medical treatement This mysterious worship is no longer only used to fight disease and maintain health, but it is also hoped that the drug user will live forever.

Throughout the ages, from ancient Greek warlocks to scholars of the Wei and Jin dynasties, from Buddhist priests to emperors of various dynasties in China, taking medicine to refine alchemy and pursuing eternal life has been one of the important contents of their lives. Of the two purposes of drug treatment, the former one always floats on the surface, and the latter one is hidden deep inside each user. Therefore, the use of medication not only reflects our dissatisfaction with our congenital defects (deficiency, disease, aging, death), but also includes our own care and love for ourselves.

Drug therapy treatment classification

Drug treatment can be classified in a number of ways, the most common of which are by efficacy, medicinal properties, and affected body parts. The Anatomy Therapy and Chemical Classification System (ATC) introduced by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1976 is widely used.

Antipyretic: relieves body heat

Analgesics: relieve pain

medical treatement Chu

Anti-malarial: drugs to eradicate malaria

Antibiotics: inhibit bacterial growth

Antiseptic: prevents bacteria from growing in the wound

Medication Therapy Type

Medications for the digestive system

The upper half of the digestive system: neutralizes acidity, inhibits gastric acid reflux, anti-flatulence, anti-dopamine, proton pump inhibitors, histamine type II antagonists, and pesticides.

The lower half of the digestive system:

medical treatement Laxatives, antispasmodics.

Central nervous system medication

Drug therapy is a small work related to chemistry. You can expand its content by editing or revision.

Medication for OCD

Tricyclic drugs are mainly used. Clomipramine hydrochloride is common in China, but clomipramine hydrochloride has large side effects. Therefore, more clinically safer drugs such as fluoxetine, paroxetine, fluvoxamine, or sertraline hydrochloride are generally used. Their therapeutic effect is basically equivalent to clomipramine, but with fewer side effects.

Fluvoxamine maleate: This is a serotonin reuptake inhibitor that acts on neurons in the brain and can be useful in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. This drug is mainly metabolized in the liver, oxidized to 9 metabolites, and excreted by the kidneys.

Paroxetine Hydrochloride: This new drug for obsessive-compulsive disorder is a powerful, highly selective 5-HT reuptake inhibitor for the treatment of obsessive-compulsive neurosis. If the treatment effect is satisfactory after taking the medicine, you can continue taking it to prevent recurrence.

Fluoxetine hydrochloride: Fluoxetine hydrochloride is a selective inhibitor of neuronal uptake of serotonin. Its antidepressant activity has been confirmed to be directly related to the ability to inhibit neuronal uptake of serotonin. It is a commonly used drug in the treatment of depression. Can also be used to treat OCD.

The selection and use of obsessive-compulsive disorder drugs must be selected and used under the guidance of a doctor, and if there is any discomfort, immediately report with your doctor.

Principles of medication

(I) Clarification of treatment object : It should be determined according to the specific situation of drug addicts. Not every drug addict needs the same medicine, the same dose and the same course of treatment. There is no need to use drug treatment for mild withdrawal symptoms or after the strong withdrawal period, and the purpose of reducing symptoms can be achieved through mental correction and psychological correction.

(2) Determine the type of drug used : The type and quantity of the drug used should be determined by

medical treatement An experienced doctor determines that it cannot be determined by the addict himself. If a single drug can achieve the therapeutic effect, no other drug can be used. The simultaneous use of several detoxification drugs is strictly restricted. Once the symptoms are relieved, the drug should be gradually reduced until the drug is discontinued.

(3) Determining the course of treatment: For drug users who need drug treatment, the drug treatment should be determined according to the physical health status of the subject, the length of drug use, the amount of drug use, personal consciousness problems, and mental and psychological treatment. time.

(4) Strict implementation of the treatment plan: Once the treatment plan is implemented, it must be strictly implemented according to the original plan, and the use of alternative drugs will be gradually reduced gradually until the drug is discontinued. In addition to the characteristics of the situation, other drugs should be used in conjunction with the treatment temporarily, and the treatment plan should not be changed to avoid treatment failure.

Medication adherence

As a result of non-compliance, even the best treatment of non-compliance will fail. The most obvious is that the disease cannot be alleviated or cured.

According to estimates by the US Observation Service, 125,000 people die of heart disease each year due to non-compliance with doctors' orders. If people use the medicine reasonably and follow the doctor's advice, there may be 23% home care, 10% hospitalization, and many visits and consultations

medical treatement Discontinuation and unnecessary treatment can be waived.

Non-compliance not only increases medical costs but also reduces the quality of life, for example, incorrect medication for glaucoma can cause optic nerve damage or blindness. Incorrect use of heart disease-related drugs can cause arrhythmias or angina. Hypertension without medication can cause a sudden rise in blood pressure that is life-threatening, and incorrect use of antibiotics can cause recurrent infections and drug resistance.

Medication compliance in children

Children are more prone to non-compliance than adults. Studies have shown that children with streptococcal infection use antibiotics (penicillin) for 10 days as a course of treatment. 56% of people stop using them on the third day, and 72% of them stop on the sixth day. Yes, 82% of people discontinued on the 9th day. When adolescents with chronic diseases such as diabetes and asthma require lifelong treatment, compliance is even worse.

Sometimes patients do nt understand the problem. Studies show that patients forget about half of their orders 15 minutes after seeing a doctor. The first 1/3 of the patients remember the most clearly, the diagnosis is easier to remember than the treatment, which is why the treatment plan of the pediatrician Be concise and require written medical advice.

Compliance with medications for the elderly

Elderly people tend to forget to take medications and are prone to adverse reactions. Many medications are not prescribed by doctors or even used over-the-counter medications. This requires doctors to fully understand all the medication information of patients and talk with patients, which can help doctors to formulate concise treatment plans and avoid unknown The dangers of drug interactions also make patients aware that they cannot arbitrarily reduce doses to prevent adverse reactions. The elderly are sensitive to drugs and need to adjust the dose.

Ways to strengthen adherence with medication

Establishing a good relationship with the doctor can increase the patient's compliance with the treatment, and the two parties have the best effect of conversation. This can increase the patient's sense of responsibility as a decision maker for the entire plan. Patient trust in the doctor can increase patient compliance. Studies have shown that doctors' care for patients can increase patient confidence in healing and thus obey treatment plans. A written doctor's order can help patients avoid forgetting.

Establishing a two-way relationship between doctors and patients can begin with the exchange of information. By asking questions, patients can recognize the severity of the disease and scientifically evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of the treatment plan. Just pass with formal professional

medical treatement When people talk, they often clarify some misunderstandings, and good connections can also help patients understand the treatment plan made by the doctor.

Those who do their best to assist in observing the effect of treatment and discuss the problem with the healthcare practitioner may get better treatment results during the implementation of the treatment plan. They should inform doctors, pharmacists, and nurses of harmful or unexpected reactions before adjusting or stopping treatment. A patient often has many reasons for not following the plan, and doctors can make appropriate adjustments after thorough discussion.

Cognitive Drug Therapy

Medication Misunderstanding One

"If I take this medicine, I will no longer be myself, I will feel weird and behave strangely." This is not the case. Although these medications can eliminate depression, they usually don't make you feel bad, don't make you feel abnormal, or extremely hyperactive, and even with exceptions are extremely rare. In fact, most patients are taking

medical treatement After using antidepressants, they all feel very good.

Drug Treatment Misunderstanding 2

"It's extremely unsafe to take these pills." Wrong! If you have a health check and cooperate well with your doctor, you don't need to be afraid of these drugs. As long as you actively cooperate with your doctor, you can safely and effectively resolve any adverse reactions. Antidepressants are much safer than depression itself. After all, if you do nt treat it, this disease may cost you a lifeif you do nt think about it!

Medication Misunderstanding Three

"But its side effects can also be intolerable." Actually, this is not the case. Usually by adjusting the dosage correctly, the side effects of the drug will be very small, and basically there will be no feeling. If you still feel uncomfortable, you can try another drug that has less side effects but is equally effective.

Medication Misunderstanding 4

"I'm bound to lose control. I have to take these medicines to stop myself." It's true that taking these medicines can be fatal, but as long as you can talk to the doctor frankly about it, it's nothing. If you can't get rid of the idea of dying, it is best not to take more than one week's dose at a time. So you can't have enough

medical treatement The amount of death to carry out that inexplicable thought. Once the drugs start working, you won't always be bothered by these ideas. Of course, before the suicidal urge has completely disappeared, you should always do some tests and receive comprehensive treatment.

Medication Mistakes Five

"This medicine makes me addicted, just like those addicts on the street, but if I try to quit this thing, I will completely collapse, and maybe in the second half of my life I will have to go with a cane. This is wrong again. Unlike sleeping pills, anesthetics, barbiturates, and weak sedatives, antidepressants are very unlikely to make you addicted. After it started working,

There is no need to repeatedly increase the dose to maintain the effect, and the condition will not rebound in most cases even if the medication is discontinued. When you can stop taking the medicine, it is best to gradually reduce the dose within one or two weeks until the medicine is stopped. This can alleviate the discomfort caused by the sudden withdrawal of drugs and prevent recurrence of the disease-even if it is still in its infancy.

Some doctors now advocate long-term consolidation treatment for some patients. Taking a small dose of antidepressants for a year or more after the illness can prevent it, greatly reducing the possibility of depression recurrence.

If you have been unable to control the recurrence of your condition for several years, consolidation treatment will be a wise choice. And because the amount of medicine used is small, no obvious side effects will occur.

Drug Treatment Mistakes Six

"If I take those medicines for mental illness, others will still take

medical treatement Crazy for me. "This is actually misleading. Antidepressants are used to treat depression, not" crazy ".

In fact, antidepressants do not have a place in the treatment of insanity. Therefore, if your doctor advises you to take antidepressants, it only means that he thinks you have some emotional problems, and it does not mean that you are "crazy".

Medication Mistakes Seven

"But if I take antidepressants, other people will definitely look down on me, and they will think that I am inferior." This worry is unrealistic. Unless you tell them yourself, others won't know you are taking antidepressants. Even if they say it, they will feel relieved. And if they really care about you, they will take care of them everywhere, because they know that you are trying to eliminate the pain caused by emotional disorders.

Medication Mistakes Eight

"Taking this medicine makes me unable to lift my head in front of people, and I should be able to overcome depression alone." We have found in research on emotional disorders that most actively participate in well-organized self-help programs (as in this book) Patients described above can recover without medication. However, we have also found that sometimes antidepressants seem to be working in individual treatments

medical treatement Plays an irreplaceable role.

In fact, there are recent signs that antidepressants do help reduce negative thoughts. Therefore, these medicines can speed up the process of self-treatment and help you change your original attitude and behavior. Over and over, we almost stubbornly stressed that it really makes sense to "do it alone". Obviously, with or without the help of drugs, you must rely on your own efforts. Antidepressants can give you the little boost you need to complete a productive treatment, thus speeding up the process of natural healing.

Drug treatment models are becoming more diverse

According to the current research, AD drugs will focus on preventing the synthesis and deposition of amyloid, preventing over phosphorylation of tau protein, beta peptide immunity, lipid-lowering, and traditional Chinese medicine treatment.

The theoretical basis for preventing drugs such as amyloid synthesis and deposition is based on the amyloid hypothesis of AD pathogenesis. One of the characteristics of pathological changes in the brain tissue of AD patients is -amyloid deposition and senile plaque formation. The core component of senile plaque is A, which is the enzymatic hydrolysis product of its precursor protein APP, which has a detrimental effect on cell membranes, synapses and axons. Because -secretase and -secretase play a key role in the formation of A, and interfere - or -secretase activity, increase the clearance of A, and prevent the deposition of -amyloid, have become the focus of seeking to change the treatment of AD course, some drugs are being developed.

Preventing tau protein hyperphosphorylation Tau protein hyperphosphorylation is the main phosphorylated tau protein produced by neuron fiber tangles, which promotes the formation of neuron fiber tangles, and its content is related to the severity of dementia. Studies have found that the imbalance between the kinase and phosphatase in the brain of AD patients is closely related to the abnormal phosphorylation of tau protein. Regulating these kinases or phosphatases, reducing the over phosphorylation of tau protein, may be used in the treatment of AD. Studies have found that certain compounds can counteract over-phosphorylation of tau protein, but whether it is clinically effective remains to be seen.

Beta peptide immunization From the pathological mechanism of AD, using immunization with A derivatives or passive immunization with human anti-A monoclonal antibodies can increase the clearance of A or prevent the formation of amyloid plaques. AD is abroad for AD In clinical studies of patients undergoing immunotherapy, the study was terminated due to the occurrence of aseptic meningoencephalitis in several patients undergoing immunotherapy with -amyloid, but exploration in immunotherapy for AD is still ongoing.

Lipid-lowering treatment can increase A formation, and low cholesterol levels can enhance the metabolism of -amyloid precursors. Epidemiological studies have shown that cholesterol-lowering drugs can reduce the risk of developing dementia. In addition, it has been reported that the lipid-lowering drug simvastatin can slightly improve cognitive function, and the actual treatment effect needs further proof. There is no reliable evidence to support its use in the treatment of AD.

Traditional Chinese medicine treatment treats the disease through overall conditioning and dialectical treatment of patients, which is a unique advantage of traditional Chinese medicine. Due to the complex composition of traditional Chinese medicine, its effective ingredients are difficult to determine, which makes it difficult to study the mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine in treating senile dementia. At present, most of them are compound preparations, which need to design rigorous observations of large sample efficacy that can reflect the characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine diagnosis and treatment. In recent years, some Chinese medicines with intellectual properties have been studied in China. The results of animal experiments are exciting and clinical trials are ongoing.

Medical treatment

The origins of "medicine and food homology" drugs originally originated from different foods. In fact, drugs are made by extracting some ingredients from food and catalyzing and synthesizing them. Although the medicine can play a certain role in the body, at the same time, the properties of the medicine in the manufacturing process are different from the previous food. When it acts on the human body, it will have different side effects and adverse reactions. Development of toxicity and drug resistance. This is why some people not only have not been relieved in the treatment of chronic diseases such as diabetes and hypertension, but have also suffered damage to the kidneys, liver and other organs. The more the disease is treated, the more severe it becomes.

For diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, arthritis, obesity, etc., treatment often requires long-term medication, and the longer the medication is taken, the more obvious the toxicity is. Therefore, nowadays, in the treatment of diseases, the ambivalence of "fear of taking medicine and having to take medicine" has appeared. What should we do? For some chronic diseases that need to be treated with drugs for a long time, choose a scientific non-toxic method instead, and use scientific diet and dietary fiber to treat it, you can get safe and reliable results.

A scientific and reasonable diet can improve the therapeutic effect of drugs on the body, and can also reduce the toxic and side effects of drugs on the body. It is well known that drugs have long-term effects in the human body and can produce drug toxicity. Toxicity can affect liver, kidney and other organs. The liver detoxifies the human body, and the kidney detoxifies the body. When the drug produces too much toxin, the working pressure of the liver and kidneys increases and exceeds the normal range, which leads to liver and kidney cell failure and liver and kidney disease.

Are we overwhelmed by the toxicity of drugs? Of course not. In diet therapy, many methods and foods can help the body detoxify and detoxify the body, and promote the catabolism of toxins through diet. In this way, the burden on the liver and kidneys is reduced, liver and kidney functions are restored, the body can be detoxified and detoxified normally, the toxicity of the drug to the human body naturally disappears, and the human body is naturally healthy.