What is a crater?
The crater is depression found on the surface of the planet or the moon. Craters can be either natural or artificial. When people use the word "crater", they generally refer to impact craters. Because impact craters are usually caused by meteorites, they are often called "meteorite craters". In general, shorts of impact have roughly a circular outline and an increased edge. The size of the crater can move anywhere from a small, simple, shallow depression in the ground to an extremely large, multi -tie pan.
Impact craters on Earth are not usually easy to recognize because of many years of erosion and weathering. Famous impact craters include Meteor Crater in Arizona and Chicxulub on the Yucatan coast in Mexico. Most scientists believe that a meteor that hit Chicxulub is the one that led to the extinction of dinosyurs at the end of the chalk. It is interesting to note that the Crater Chicxulub is deep below the surface of the Earth and the naked eye cannot be seen.
although craters are usually formed by the impact of meteors, they can also result from volcanic processes. Volcanic crater is roughly circular, tank similar, marginal structure, which usually occurs at the top of the volcanic cone. Volcanic craters are usually caused by a gradual pile of released volcanic bearings such as lava flows, but can also be formed when part of the volcano collapses. Some volcanic craters are filled with rain or molten snow and forms a crater lake. The volcanic craters were found on the ground, on the Earth's month, Venus, Mars and Jupiter's Moon, Io.
One special kind of volcanic crater is called Maar crater. Maar craters are formed when molten lava rises towards the surface and encounters a lot of groundwater or water saturated rocks. This causes all kinds of chaos, resulting in an impressive explosion of steam, smoke and ash. This explosion causes a circular depression. Maar craters usually fill with water and create shallow crater lakesRa.
People made craters can also be made of underground nuclear explosions. The Nevada test site, which has been used as a center for nuclear testing for many years, is one of the most crater sites on Earth. These persons made craters are often called "craters with a decline" and usually form when an underground explosion causes the cavity to form on the ground and roof of cave cavities. This causes the surface of the earth depression into the "sink", so this type of crater is also called the "crater after the sink".