What Are Mesenchymal Stem Cells?

Mesenchymal stem cells are a kind of pluripotent stem cells, which have all the common characteristics of stem cells, namely the ability to self-renew and multi-directional differentiation. It is also used in clinical applications the most, and combined with hematopoietic stem cells can improve the success rate of transplantation and accelerate hematopoietic reconstruction. When patients receive high-dose chemotherapy, the introduction of mesenchymal stem cells together with hematopoietic stem cells can significantly accelerate the recovery time of patients' blood cells, and it is safe and free of adverse reactions.

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), formerly known as bone marrow stromal fibroblasts, are a class of adult stem cells that originate in the mesoderm. Cartilage, fat, bone marrow hematopoietic tissue, etc. The migration, colonization, proliferation, and differentiation of bone marrow BMSCs require information from the outside world. The direction of differentiation depends on the microenvironment. The "microenvironment" here includes not only the bone marrow microenvironment, but also the local interstitial tissue microenvironment. Bone marrow microenvironment changes in patients with PMF include: increased interstitial cells and abnormal megakaryocyte accumulation, increased extracellular matrix proteins, increased angiogenesis, sinusoidal expansion with intravascular hematopoiesis, and bone sclerosis. This change is distributed in a sheet shape, and bone marrow changes are different in different patients or different parts of the same patient. Local interstitial tissue microenvironment involves multiple factors such as bone marrow matrix protein, cell-to-cell, cell-to-matrix contact, local cell, growth factor concentration, and receptor expression. Whether bone marrow fibroblasts from AMM patients are differentiated from bone marrow BMSCs has not been determined. However, research has found that there is an extremely delicate relationship between the bone marrow microenvironment, BMSCs, and hematopoietic stem cells, which may be related to the pathogenesis of PMF ^[2]

Mesenchymal stem cells have been clinically applied to solve various blood system diseases, cardiovascular diseases, liver cirrhosis, neurological diseases, partial meniscus resection and repair of knee joints, and autoimmune diseases. Suffering from life. In addition, mesenchymal stem cells have long-term development prospects in nervous system repair and more.

Clinical research of mesenchymal stem cells has been carried out in many countries. The United States has approved more than 60 clinical trials. With the increasing maturity of mesenchymal stem cells and related technologies, China has also approved a number of clinical trials and entered mesenchymal stem cells. The stage for the development of core technology of MSCs. China has vigorously strengthened the development of stem cell research. Many authoritative research institutions, including National Aoncell Cell Genetic Engineering Co., Ltd., National Engineering Research Center for Cell Products, and local cord blood banks have introduced research technology to the clinic. For the research of mesenchymal stem cells used to treat more than ten kinds of refractory diseases, in addition to promoting the recovery of hematopoietic cells, co-transplantation with hematopoietic stem cells to improve leukemia and refractory anemia, etc. Sclerosis, bone and muscle degenerative diseases, brain and spinal nerve damage, dementia and lupus erythematosus and scleroderma, etc.

Mesenchymal stem cells were first found in the bone marrow, and later found in many tissues in human development and development. At present, we are able to isolate and prepare mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow, fat, synovium, bone, muscle, lung, liver, pancreas and other tissues as well as amniotic fluid and umbilical cord blood. The bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells are the most used. However, bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells have the following problems: with the aging, the number of stem cells decreases significantly, and the ability to proliferate and differentiate is greatly reduced; the preparation process is not easy to quality control;

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a class of pluripotent stem cells that belong to the mesoderm and are mainly found in

Mesenchymal stem cells can be differentiated into bone, cartilage, muscle or tendon, providing a source of cells for clinical treatment of various wounds; mesenchymal stem cells can also be differentiated into myocardial tissue. Under the microscope, the appearance of cell lines in myocardial tissue can be observed. Spontaneous pulsation; differentiated into dermal tissue with mesenchymal stem cells, which can cover burn wounds. ^[1]