What are pro -inflammatory cytokines?
cytokines are protein molecules that help regulate the body's immune response to infections and trauma. Some promote wound healing, while others, such as pro -inflammatory cytokines, increase inflammation and can cause diseases. Interleukin and factor of tumor necrosis are substances in the immune system that support inflammation. If they are injected, the result is usually fever and inflammation throughout the body. Some scientists believe that regulation of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the body may be the way the immune system is maintained under control.
usually releases when cells are stressed, cytokines are proteins that do not have a defined structure. Sometimes they are compared with hormones, but not only are made only by specific cells, but are synthesized by almost all types. Contact with foreign material, extreme heat and exposure to ultraviolet light can increase production. Several substances can suppress genes that code of pro -inflammatory cytokins such as some types of interleukin and INTERferon. The genes sometimes contain codes for enzymes involved in the activation of the pads and the production of nitric oxide.
Provide cytokines also include chemokines that can leave immune cells called leukocytes from the blood to the infected tissues. Other such cytokines activate molecules that can attach to the walls of the blood vessels to let immune cells pass through. In general, pro -inflammatory cytokines begin with cascading immune response, which begins with injury, infection, oxygen starvation or toxic substances.
Some scientists believe that the balance of cytokines directly affects how one of the disease recovers. Genes that help to express anti- or pro-inflammatory cytokines can also affect human sensitivity to disease, such as arthritis or chronic bowel inflammation. Cytokines self -timing activity by connecting to the receptor on the cell surface. Direct connection can affect regulationgenes inside the cell and the production of receptors that receive certain molecules.
Provide cytokines are often involved in wound repair processes such as skin cell stimulation, such as keratinocytes and cells producing collagens called fibroblasts. They can also decompose proteins and at the same time regulate the response of the immune system. Blocking the regulation of some pro -inflammatory cytokines may affect the scarring of wounds and even led to death in many laboratory animals. Because production occurs in a cascade along with other processes, imbalance may lead to many diseases and conditions including inflammation and problems with wound healing.