What Are the Gastrointestinal Hormones?
Gastrointestinal hormones are mainly hormones secreted by chemical messenger cells of the gastrointestinal mucosa. They are peptides in chemical structure, so they are also called gastrointestinal peptides. There are more than 40 messenger cells in the mucosa from the stomach to the large intestine, which are distributed between the gastrointestinal mucosa cells and can secrete a variety of gastrointestinal hormones. There are three types of secretion, paracrine, endocrine and neurosecretory. Because the area of the gastrointestinal mucosa is huge, the total number of gastrointestinal messenger cells exceeds the sum of all endocrine glands in the body, so the gastrointestinal tract is not only the digestive organ in the body, but also the largest and most complex endocrine organ in the body.
- Chinese name
- Gastrointestinal hormone
- Also known as
- Gastrointestinal peptide
- Species
- Gastrin, secretin, cholecystokinin, etc.
- Function
- Works with the nervous system to regulate digestive organ function
Basic Information
- To date, more than 20 gastrointestinal hormones have been discovered and identified, exerting different physiological effects, such as gastrin, glucagon, secretin, cholecystokinin, gastrostatin, and motilin. .
- Gastrointestinal hormones and the nervous system together regulate the function of the digestive organs, and their effects mainly have the following aspects.
1. Regulate the secretion of the digestive glands and the movement of the digestive tract A hormone can regulate a variety of gastrointestinal functions, and a gastrointestinal function is also affected by a variety of gastrointestinal hormones.
2. Regulating the release of other hormones Gastric antitumor peptides have a strong effect on stimulating insulin secretion, which has important physiological significance for preventing blood sugar from rising too high and losing it from urine. In addition, somatostatin, pancreatic peptide, and vasoactive intestinal peptide can regulate the release of hormones such as insulin, growth hormone, glucagon and gastrin.
3. Nutritional nutrition refers to the role of some gastrointestinal hormones in promoting the metabolism and growth of gastrointestinal tissues. For example, cholecystokinin released from small intestinal mucosa I cells can promote the growth of pancreatic exocrine tissue.
4. Regulation of appetite hunger hormone, leptin and other gastrointestinal hormones can regulate appetite and blood sugar.