What is the bone marrow stem cell?

bone marrow stem cell is an immature undifferentiated cell found inside the bone marrow of most flat bones. It is said to be the mother of all blood cells because it can lead to red blood cells (RBC), various types of white blood cells (WBC) and plates. Some studies suggest that bone marrow stem cells are also able to cause other cells such as endothelial cells that line the walls of blood vessels, or become hepatocytes or liver cells. Bone marrow stem cells are also capable of self -boring, which is a characteristic that is not present in most ripe cells. This is important when replenishing the body with new blood cells, because mature cells die after their lifetime.

Before birth, the liver is a source of almost all blood cells. Shortly before the birth of the child, the bone marrow takes over this task. As a person matures, the source of bone marrow stem cells is limited to flat bones such as hip bones, skull bones, ribs, vertebrae, sternum or breasts and shoulder blades.

there areTwo types of bone marrow: red marrow and yellow marrow. Most bone marrow cells are located in the red pulp. Yellow pulp is inactive and usually contains fat cells, but is able to turn into active red pulp when needed, for example, in some cases of blood disorders such as anemia.

Some bone marrow stem cells are also detected in peripheral blood, but they are able to return to the bone marrow to multiply and distinguish into specific cell types such as RBC, WBC or plates. This makes it possible to carry out bone marrow transplantation by infusion of donor stem cells into the recipient's blood, as well as in the blood transfusion procedure. Stem cells can be harvested from the right donor through the aspiration of the bone marrow or filter peripheral blood for stem cells in a process known as apheresis.

Any disease affecting bone marrow can leadto abnormalities in the production of blood cells in the body. Patients with cancer undergoing procedures such as chemotherapy and radiation therapy have often disrupted blood cell production due to the effects of treatment. In these cases, the bone marrow stem cell transplantation is often necessary to restore the bone marrow stem cells to continue the production of blood cells as needed.