What Are Energy Emissions?

Clean energy, that is, green energy, refers to energy that does not emit pollutants and can be directly used for production and living. It includes nuclear energy and "renewable energy".

Traditionally, clean energy refers to environmentally friendly energy, which means environmental protection, less emissions, and less pollution. But the concept is not accurate enough

1. Conversion of light and heat. Such as

Kinetic energy generated by large air movements on the earth's surface. Because the temperature changes and the water vapor content in the air are different after being irradiated by the sun on various parts of the ground, it causes the difference in air pressure in various places. In the horizontal direction, high-pressure air flows to low-pressure areas, forming wind.

1. Of all the gases, hydrogen has the best thermal conductivity, which is 10 times higher than that of most gases. Therefore, hydrogen is an excellent heat transfer carrier in the energy industry.

2. Hydrogen is the most common element in nature. It is estimated that it constitutes 75% of the mass of the universe. Except for hydrogen contained in the air, it is mainly stored in water in the form of compounds, and water is the most widespread substance on the earth. According to calculations, if all the hydrogen in the seawater is extracted, the total heat it generates is more than all the heat on the earth.

Bioenergy is a form of energy where solar energy is stored in living organisms in the form of chemical energy.

Water energy is a

Nuclear energy (or atomic energy) is the energy released from the nucleus by transforming its mass.

Flywheel energy storage is a technology that uses a high-speed rotating flywheel to store energy. In the energy storage phase, the flywheel is dragged by the motor to accelerate the flywheel to a certain speed to convert the electrical energy into kinetic energy. During the energy release phase, the flywheel decelerates and drives the motor to operate as a generator to convert kinetic energy into electrical energy. A typical flywheel energy storage device generally includes a high-speed rotating flywheel, a closed housing and a bearing system, a power conversion and control system, and the like. ^[4]

7 steps to deal with the energy crisis How will China respond to the severe energy crisis? It is necessary to carry out strategic planning and layout of energy to ensure China's energy security capabilities. In this regard, Zhang Yousheng made 7 points:
1. Actively grasp the pace of development and form an efficient energy production system. This is a priority choice for China's energy strategy. ^[5]

Clean Energy China Prospects

In the next ten years, China Energy will achieve two goals: first, the proportion of non-fossil energy in the total primary energy consumption will reach about 15% by 2020; %.

Today, China has become the largest country in global clean energy investment.

According to the 2012 Global Clean Energy Investment Report, the total global investment in 2012 was US $ 268.7 billion, equivalent to five times that of 2004. Among them, China s investment in clean energy reached a record US $ 67.7 billion, an increase of 20% over 2011, and the total investment ranked first in the world, becoming a global leader in clean energy. ^[6]

International outlook for clean energy

With the growing demand for energy and environmental protection in various countries around the world, the promotion and application of clean energy has become an inevitable trend. Experts predict that due to the advantages of high efficiency, flexible operation, low investment, and short construction time, natural gas combined cycle power generation will increase its proportion of the world s power generation fuel from 19% in 2003 to 22% in 2030. From 2003 to 2030, the installed capacity of natural gas power generation will increase by 1.07 billion kilowatts, and its proportion in the global installed power generation capacity will increase from 27% to 33%. The development of nuclear power is also showing increasing momentum. Looking ahead, from 2003 to 2030, international nuclear power capacity will increase from 361 million kilowatts to 438 million kilowatts. Among them, China, India and Russia have the largest increase in installed nuclear power capacity. Nuclear power generation worldwide will increase from 2.5 trillion kWh in 2003 to 3.3 trillion kWh in 2030. Hydropower and other clean energy generation are expected to increase. By 2030, the installed capacity of connected hydropower and other clean energy power generation will increase by 553 million kilowatts compared to 2003. Most of this growth comes from large hydropower in Asian countries. China will be the country with the largest increase in hydropower. India, Laos and Vietnam have plans to develop hydropower. Affected by factors such as high oil prices, the proportion of electricity generated by fuel oil in the world's electricity generation will decrease from 10% in 2003 to 7% in 2030.

The "2012 Latest Energy Outlook Report" jointly released by the World Economic Forum and the HIS Cambridge Energy Research Association in September 2012 stated that more than 100 countries have set renewable energy development goals. The growth of the new energy industry can transform climate, The crisis in the energy and financial sectors has transformed into new opportunities for sustainable growth, thus providing new impetus for the development of the world economy. In 2011, the global renewable energy power generation increased by 17.7% compared with 2010, and showed double-digit growth for 8 consecutive years. The renewable energy power generation accounted for 3.8% of the global total power generation in that year. Among them, wind power generation increased by 25.8%, exceeding 50% of the total renewable energy power generation for the first time. Affected by the Fukushima nuclear accident in Japan, the total global nuclear power generation in 2011 was 2518 terawatt hours, a 4.3% decrease from 2010 ^[7] .

Although the prospects are attractive, the widespread use of renewable energy for power generation must effectively reduce its costs. In May 2011, a report issued by the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change stated that only 2.5% of the global renewable energy technology potential is currently utilized, and if these potentials can be fully utilized with the right public policy support By 2050, renewable energy will be able to provide 77% of the global annual energy demand and reduce carbon dioxide emissions by a total of 2200 to 5600 tons. The report also pointed out that the promotion of renewable energy will face huge challenges in terms of economics and technology. ^[7]

According to the prediction of the International Energy Agency, many countries will adopt carbon pricing and other measures in the future to reduce greenhouse gas emissions during power generation, but the decline in the future cost of renewable energy power generation is not optimistic, such as offshore wind energy in 2020 The average cost of a power station is US $ 90 per kilowatt-hour (based on the actual value of US dollars in 2010), and the US Energy Information Administration predicts that its cost will be US $ 80 to 120 per kilowatt-hour in 2016. ^[7]

From the perspective of the uniformization cost of power stations, wind power stations (wind speeds of 7 to 7.5 meters per second) are $ 73 per kilowatt-hour (excluding power transmission costs). Experts predict that by 2020, they will fall below $ 60 per kilowatt-hour . The cost of utility solar photovoltaic power stations built between 2011 and 2012 was $ 150 per kilowatt-hour without any subsidies, which is basically in line with the estimates of the report "Towards a New Generation of Ethanol Economy". In some areas with better natural conditions, the cost of solar photovoltaic power generation can be reduced to 60 to 120 US dollars per kilowatt-hour in the future. Traditional US natural gas cycle power plants currently have the lowest cost, at $ 50 to $ 60 per kWh. In addition to the cost of equalization, factors such as the size of the plant and the potential for storing electricity are also important. ^[7]

For some regions where the cost of homogenization exceeds US $ 200 per kilowatt-hour, renewable energy generation currently has a price advantage. It is predicted that the cost of wind and solar power will become more economical in the future. In addition, with the development of high-performance, low-cost and durable energy storage batteries, electric energy storage technology is expected to enable small and medium-scale power transmission networks to meet the power needs of remote rural areas. ^[7]

Although the cost of various renewable energy power generation will continue to decrease in the future, to fully play its role, it must be effectively integrated with existing power generation methods to overcome the bottlenecks of renewable energy power generation in transmission, distribution, and storage. Renewable energy power generation will account for 8% of the total electricity supply in the United States in 2050. Even if half of this goal is to be achieved, existing power systems still need to be reformed in terms of technological innovation, operating procedures, business operation models, and management measures. ^[7]