What Are the Different Types of Fingerprint Patterns?

Fingerprints, also called handprints, are the raised lines on the epidermis. Because human fingerprints are produced by the interaction of genetics and the environment, fingerprints are common to everyone but different. Because the fingerprint repetition rate is extremely small, about 1 in 15 billion, it is called a "body ID card."

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Fingerprint, also called

There are three basic shapes of fingerprint lineswhorl, arch, and loop.

Fingerprint, also known as

Can fingerprints be inherited?

Although there are no two identical fingerprints in the world, the fingerprints of identical twins are similar. Moreover, the patterns of different fingers of the same person have similarities. The study found that there are gender and ethnic differences in the types of fingerprints with high occurrence rates. For example, in Chinese and Japanese fingerprints, the appearance of bucket-shaped patterns and ridge-shaped patterns is roughly the same, accounting for more than 90% of the total; European-type fingerprints have higher occurrence of ridge-shaped patterns; in American fingerprints, The incidence of arched patterns is higher.
Because the fingerprints of identical twins or the same race have similarities, it can also be said that fingerprints can be "hereditary". However, the formation of fingerprints is not only affected by genetic genes, but also by environmental factors. Professor Inoue Inoue of Hokkaido University in Japan has long been engaged in anatomical research. He said: "The details of human bodies also vary from person to person. Since fingerprints are very convenient to use, they are widely used for identification.

How are fingerprints formed?

When the fetus reaches 4 months of age, a fingerprint is formed. Before that, around 10 weeks of development, large ball-shaped bulges were temporarily formed in the fingertips and other parts-just like the meat pad of a cat's paw, played a decisive role in the formation of fingerprints.
When the bulge begins to shrink and collapse, wrinkles begin to appear at the junction of the epidermis and dermis, which is the budding "fingerprint mold". The cells generated by the fingerprint mold are squeezed toward the surface, and fingerprints will form on the epidermis when the fetus develops to 4 months. Research suggests that fingerprints are developed from densely arranged "dies" on the surface of the bulge. Therefore, the shape and size of the original bulge determine the shape of the fingerprint.

As we all know, fingerprints have the characteristics of various and unchanged for life. A long time ago, people used handprints on paper or wooden boards to identify themselves.

(1) Harmony observation method: Harmony observation on a smooth surface;

(2) Visual observation method: observe with the help of certain light and angle. By inverse

I. Optical identification technology

Fingerprinting with optical technology is the oldest and most widely used technology. Put your finger on the optical lens, your finger is illuminated by the built-in light source, and project it on a charge-coupled device (CCD) with a prism to form a ridge line (a line with a certain width and direction in the fingerprint image) that is black and valleys. The lines (the depressions between the lines) are white digitized, multi-grayscale fingerprint images that can be processed by the fingerprint device algorithm.

2. Temperature difference induction recognition technology

Its advantage is that it can acquire fingerprint images within 0.1s, and the sensor has the smallest volume and area, which is commonly referred to as the sliding fingerprint reader. The disadvantage is that, due to the temperature limitation, the finger and the chip will be at the same temperature as time goes by.

Three . Semiconductor silicon sensing technology (capacitive technology)

The semiconductor capacitance sensor judges what position is and what position is according to the difference in the capacitance value formed by the and of the fingerprint and the semiconductor capacitance sensing particles. Its working process is to pre-charge the capacitive sensing particles on each pixel to a certain reference voltage. When a finger touches the fingerprint of a semiconductor capacitor, because is convex and is concave, according to the relationship between the capacitance value and the distance, different capacitance values will be formed at the locations of and . Discharge is then performed using a discharge current. Because and have different capacitance values, their discharge speeds are also different. The pixels below (the high capacitance) discharge more slowly, while the pixels below (the lower capacitance) discharge faster. Depending on the discharge rate, the locations of and can be detected to form fingerprint image data.

4. Ultrasonic technology

The ultrasonic frequency used by the ultrasound technology is 1 × 10 ⁴ Hz-1 × 10 ⁹ Hz, and the energy is controlled to a level that is not harmful to the human body (the same intensity as medical diagnosis). Ultrasonic technology products can achieve the best accuracy. It requires less cleanliness of fingers and planes, but its collection time will be significantly longer than the aforementioned two types of products. It is also expensive and cannot be used for living fingerprint identification. rare.

As a new field of IT technology, fingerprint recognition technology itself has many new concepts. Understanding the concept of fingerprint recognition technology helps to understand the fingerprint recognition technology accurately.

Fingerprint thumb

The thumb responds to the function of the prefrontal region of our brain. According to the study of dermatoglyphics, the thumb can show our mental strength and is the command center of the brain.

In the manifestation of innate tendencies: the left thumb represents creativity, leadership, imagination, goal, intuition, and group achievement motivation, and is also related to introspective intelligence. The right thumb represents communication, management, planning, judgment, individual achievement motivation, and is also related to interpersonal intelligence.

Finger forefinger

The index finger reflects the function of the posterior frontal region of our brain. According to the study of dermatoglyphics, the index finger can show our thinking ability.

In the manifestation of innate tendencies: the index finger of the left hand represents the mental development of spatial imagery, imaginative thinking, spatial art concepts, and self-expectations. The right index finger represents the logical / inferential intelligence development related to logical reasoning, concept understanding, computational analysis, and language expression.

Middle finger

In response to the function of the parietal lobe of our brain, we know from the study of dermatoglyphics that the middle finger can show our sensory perception and somatosensory ability.

In the manifestation of congenital tendencies: the left middle finger represents the rhythmic movement of the limbs, art learning and feeling appreciation, and the development of artistic intelligence. The right middle finger refers to the development of kinesthetic intelligence, such as distinguishing movements, manipulating limbs, understanding operations, and combining disassembly.

Finger ring finger

The ring finger reflects the function of the temporal lobe of our brain. According to the study of dermatoglyphics, the ring finger can show our sensory perception and auditory ability.

In the manifestation of congenital tendencies: the third finger of the left hand represents the intelligence of sound perception and music appreciation, as well as the intelligent development of music. The ring finger of the right hand represents the language intelligent development related to identifying sounds, understanding languages, learning and memory, and other languages.

Fingerprint pinky

The little finger reflects the function of the occipital lobe region of our brain. According to the study of dermatoglyphics, the little finger can show our sensory perception and visual ability.

In the manifestation of congenital tendencies: the little finger of the left hand is related to the development of spatial intelligence of images and cognition, such as visual perception and image appreciation. The little finger of the right hand represents visual recognition, observational comprehension, reading ability and other observations, and the natural development of reading is related to intelligent development.