What Is a Lead Storage Battery?

In addition to the commonly used rechargeable batteries, lead batteries are also a very important battery system. The advantages of lead batteries are that the electromotive force is relatively stable when discharged, but the disadvantage is that the specific energy (electric energy stored per unit weight) is small, and it is highly corrosive to the environment. Lead battery has a stable working voltage, a wide range of operating temperature and current, can charge and discharge hundreds of cycles, good storage performance (especially suitable for dry charge storage), and low cost, so it is widely used.

Lead battery

common

Lead-acid battery: Its volume and weight have not been able to be effectively improved, so it is currently most commonly used on cars and motorcycles.

The composition of lead batteries: plates, separators, shells,

1) 3Q-75: It is a starting battery composed of 3 single cells with a rated voltage of 6V and a rated capacity of 75A · h.

2) 6-QA-105G: It consists of 6 single-cell batteries, with a rated voltage of 12V and a rated capacity of 105A · h.

3) 6-QAW-100: It is composed of 6 single cells with a rated voltage of 12V · and a rated capacity of 100A · h.

The lead storage battery is composed of a positive electrode plate group, a negative electrode plate group, an electrolytic solution, and a container. The positive electrode plate after charging is brown lead dioxide (PbO ₂ ), and the negative electrode plate is gray fleece lead (Pb). When the two electrode plates are placed in a 27% to 37% sulfuric acid (H ₂ SO ₄ ) aqueous solution During neutralization, the lead and sulfuric acid of the electrode plate undergo a chemical reaction, and the divalent lead positive ion (Pb ²⁺ ) is transferred to the electrolyte, leaving two electrons (2e-) on the negative electrode plate. Due to the attraction of positive and negative charges, lead positive ions gather around the negative electrode plate, and a small amount of lead dioxide (PbO ₂ ) penetrates into the electrolyte under the action of water molecules in the positive electrode plate, among which the divalent oxygen ion and water Combining and turning lead dioxide molecules into an unstable substance that can dissociate-

At present, lead-acid batteries are widely used in automobiles, trains, tractors, motorcycles, electric vehicles, and communications, power stations, power transmission, instrumentation, UPS power supplies and aircraft, tanks, ships, radar systems and other fields. With the development of the world's energy economy and the improvement of people's living standards, lead-acid batteries have occupied more than 85% of the market share in the use of secondary power sources. Lead-acid batteries with mature technology, low cost, good high-current discharge performance, wide applicable temperature range, high safety, and complete recycling can not be replaced by other batteries in the field of automobile start batteries and electric vehicles.

As the battery is discharged, the positive and negative plates are sulfided, at the same time, the sulfuric acid in the electrolyte gradually decreases, and the moisture increases, which causes the specific gravity of the electrolyte to decrease. In actual use, the specific gravity of the battery can be determined by measuring the specific gravity of the electrolyte. Degree of discharge. Under normal use, lead batteries should not be over-discharged, otherwise the small lead sulfate crystals mixed with the active material will form a larger body, which not only increases the resistance of the electrode plate, but also makes it difficult to make it again when charging. Reduction directly affects the capacity and life of the reservoir. Charging lead batteries is the reverse process of discharging.

The principle equation of the charge-discharge chemical reaction of lead-acid batteries is as follows:

Positive electrode: PbO ₂ + 2e- + SO ₄ ^2- + 4H + == PbSO ₄ + 2H ₂ O

Negative electrode: Pb -2e + SO ₄ ^2- == PbSO ₄

Cathode: PbSO ₄ + 2e- = Pb + SO ₄ ^2- ;

Anode: PbSO ₄ + 2H ₂ O-2e- = PbO ₂ + 4H + + SO ₄ ^2- .

Total reaction: PbO ₂ + 2 H ₂ SO ₄ + Pb == 2 PbSO ₄ + 2H ₂ O (forward discharge, reverse charge)

(The mass of the positive and negative electrodes of the lead battery increases during discharge. The reason is that when the lead battery is discharged, PbSO4 is attached to the positive electrode plate, and the mass is increased: PbSO4 is also attached to the negative electrode plate, so the quality is also increased.)

(1) Avoid direct contact between the battery and the metal container, and use anti-acid and heat-blocking materials, otherwise it will cause smoke or combustion.

(2) Use the specified

(1) Use tools with insulation sleeves such as pliers. Using non-insulated tools can cause the battery to short circuit, generate heat or burn, and damage the battery.

(2) Do not place the battery in a closed room or near a fire source, otherwise it may explode or catch fire due to the hydrogen released from the battery.

(3) Do not use thinner, gasoline,

(1) Ensure adequate insulation measures between and around the battery and the device. Insufficient insulation measures may cause electric shock, short-circuit heating, smoke or burning.

(2) Charging application Charger, directly connected to DC power supply may cause battery leakage, heat generation or combustion.

(3) Due to self-discharge,

Lead storage batteries have the advantages of stable electromotive force during discharge, stable operating voltage, wide operating temperature and current range, hundreds of cycles of charge and discharge, good storage performance (especially suitable for dry-charge storage), and low cost. Wide range of applications. The disadvantage is that it is smaller than the energy (electric energy stored per unit weight), very cumbersome,

(1) Classification by battery pole plate structure: formed, pasted and tube batteries;

(2) Classification by battery cover and structure: there are open-type, exhaust-type, anti-acid flameproof and sealed valve-regulated batteries;

(3) Classification by battery maintenance method: There are ordinary, less maintenance and maintenance-free batteries.

(4) According to relevant national standards, the main battery series products are:

Starting battery: mainly used for starting and lighting of automobiles, tractors, diesel engines and ships;

Fixed battery: mainly used for communication, power plants, computer systems as protection, automatic control standby power;

Traction battery: mainly used for power sources of various battery vehicles, forklifts, forklifts, etc .;

Railway battery: Mainly used as power for starting and lighting railway diesel locomotives, electric locomotives, and passenger cars;

Motorcycle battery: mainly used for motorcycle starting and lighting of various specifications;

Coal mine battery: mainly used for traction power source of electric locomotive;

Storage batteries for energy storage: mainly used for wind and hydroelectric power storage.

maintenance

The most important component in a generator set is a lead storage battery. The stable performance of a lead storage battery can ensure the good performance of the entire generator set. So how to ensure the stability of the performance of a lead storage battery? This requires the maintenance of the battery.
First, the lead storage battery must be connected properly to prevent short-circuit conditions. The lead storage battery should be placed close to the generator set, so that the battery connection cable is not too long, and the battery needs to be placed in a place that is easy to maintain. When the battery is connected to the generator, first connect the positive electrode and then the negative electrode. When the load is stopped or stopped, the link should be disconnected in time to prevent the battery from being shorted.
Secondly, to perform the daily inspection of the battery, the battery should be inspected regularly, including the voltage situation at the battery terminal; the density, temperature, and height of the electrolyte in the battery; pay attention to whether the battery link is first connected according to the specifications; check whether the battery remembers corrosion Conditions; regular discharge tests and so on, these daily tasks need to be carried out.
Finally, pay special attention to battery charging. Battery charging is a basic task. It should be charged in a well-ventilated environment without rain, snow, sparks, and open flames. It is best to use an original charger for charging. When charging, the wires must be properly connected. Use reasonably Charge the battery; when the battery is charged, when the temperature is higher than 45 ° C, the charging work should be stopped and the heat dissipation should be done.
The maintenance work of the lead-acid battery of the generator set is very important and must be paid attention to in daily use.