What Is an Anaerobic System?

Anaerobic means abbreviation for dislike of oxygen and anaerobic breathing. Anaerobic organisms are called anaerobic organisms. Respiration is a general term for a biochemical process in which cells oxidatively break down organic fuel molecules (sugars, fats, and proteins), release their chemical energy, and transfer them to ATP molecules.

Glucose is the main respiratory substrate. Organisms living in an anoxic environment, such as anaerobic bacteria and parasites, cannot (or do not need) to absorb free oxygen from the atmosphere. The oxidation of glucose in their bodies can participate without aerobic factors, but in the role of enzymes. Then, it is degraded into pyruvate and finally alcohol or lactic acid is formed. During the degradation process, energy is released and transferred to ATP. This aerobic alienation is called anaerobic breathing. Anaerobic respiration does not completely oxidize glucose, and most of the energy is stored in alcohol and lactic acid. When two molecules of lactic acid are produced per molecule of glucose, only two ATP high-energy molecules are produced. Anaerobic respiration is the primitive form of energy metabolism.

Due to the hypoxic reducing atmosphere of the primitive earth and the nutrient-rich "broth" in the ocean, it is generally speculated that primitive life was anaerobic and heterotrophic. This is not only compatible with the environmental conditions at the time, but also consistent with the originality of anaerobic and heterotrophic methods. With the development and prosperity of primitive life, the organic compounds in the "broth" are increasingly consumed by organisms and consumed. Anaerobic photo-synthetic cells that use CO ₂ as a carbon source for autotrophy-anaerobic autotrophic prokaryotes came into being. Raw. The emergence of photosynthesis gradually increased the concentration of free oxygen in the atmosphere. When the oxygen concentration reached 1% of the current atmospheric concentration, aerobic respiration organisms, aerobic autotrophic prokaryotes, appeared. Once aerobic respiration occurs, mitochondria gradually appear, followed by eukaryotic cells. Biochemistry has shown that aerobic (aerobic respiration) evolved on the basis of anaerobic (anaerobic respiration).

Obligate anaerobic organisms

Some anaerobic organisms die when exposed to oxygen. Such organisms are called "obligate anaerobic organisms" and they survive by fermentation or anaerobic respiration. In an aerobic environment, obligate anaerobic organisms may lack superoxide dismutase and catalase. These enzymes can help remove deadly superoxide in the cells of obligate anaerobic organisms.

Bifidobacterium is a Gram-positive obligate anaerobic bacterium with typical biological characteristics of Gram-positive bacteria. Bifidobacterium is one of the most important physiological bacteria in the intestines of humans and animals. It forms a microbial community with other physiological bacterial members and forms a micro-ecosystem with the host. It has the ability to maintain the intestinal micro-ecological balance, nutrition and Promote body growth, immune enhancement, anti-aging effect, prevent hypertension and arteriosclerosis, anti-tumor effect, etc. ^[2]

Anaerobic facultative anaerobic organisms

Facultative anaerobic organisms can use the oxygen in the aerobic environment for aerobic respiration. However, in the absence of oxygen, some of them undergo fermentation and some of them undergo anaerobic respiration. The condition that affects the effect conversion is the concentration of oxygen and fermentable substances. For example, when fermentable sugar is given to beer yeast, its observable oxygen consumption will immediately stop, which is called "Pasteur variation". This is because comparing the energy produced, the energy consumed for respiration is too much to be worthwhile; until fermentable substances appear, even though the energy produced from fermentation is much lower than the energy produced by breathing, beer yeast still Will choose to ferment. This process of changing from breathing to fermentation is faster than the reverse process, because it is used to grow through fermentation, and it takes time for mitochondria to start.

Examples of facultative anaerobic bacteria are Staphylococcus, Corynebacterium, Listeria and the like, and yeasts in fungi are also facultative anaerobic.