What is the binding of the antibody?

Antibodies are happening during the immune response between antibodies and specific antigens. Antigens are any cells or molecules that are recognized by the body or do not belong to each other. Antigens can have many different forms from organisms causing diseases such as bacteria and viruses, to molecules producing toxic molecules or allergies, allergens. The presence of antigens in the body stimulates the cells of the immune system, including those that produce and eliminate antibodies.

Antibodies are proteins that have a significant basic structure. They consist of four polypeptide chains that are held together by disulphide bridges, which are bonds that form among sulfur atoms. Each antibody has two long or heavy chains and two short or light chains. Each light string is located at the end of one of the heavy chains. Four chains are held together in the shaped y, which allows flexibility, so that antibodies can occur.

Each antibody is specificá for particle antigen. The specificity of the antibody is determined by the binding point of the antigen found at the end of each light chain. The amino acid sequence found at the end of each light chain is a three -dimensional shape that complements the shape of the antigen. Because there are two light chains for each antibody, there are two binding areas of the antigen, so each antibody can bind to two antigens.

There are five different antibodies classes. Because all of them are globular proteins produced as part of the immune response, they are called immunoglobulins, each class marked with a letter G, M, A, D and E. While all immunoglobulins share the same basic structure, different classes are based on heavy chain differences. In each class, there may be many different antibodies with a specific binding of antibodies that occur between a specific molecule and its complementary antigen.

Each of the different antibodies classes is bound to different types of antigens and has different roles in the immune system. For example, immunoglobulin G, IGG can bind to two antigens, stimulate other cells in the immune system and can cause agglutination. Aglutination occurs when antibodies are bonded between more antibodies and antigens. This can happen when antigen also has more than one binding point, allowing him to bind to more than one antibody. Because more and more antibodies and antigens are joined, a cluster or agglutin is formed, which helps to destroy the cells of antigens.