What Is Geological History?
The geologic time scale refers to a long period of time in which the stratigraphic records of Earth's history are recorded. Because the oldest stratum isotope on earth has been found to be about 4.6 billion years old. Therefore, the earth's history is generally divided into two major stages with a limit of 4.6 billion years. The stage before 4.6 billion years is called the "astronomical period" or "pregeological period", and the stage after 4.6 billion years is called the "geological period".
- From the time when the earth became an independent planetary body to the beginning of the written record of human history, there was a long period of time in the history of the earth that recorded rock formations. The oldest stratum that has been discovered has an isotope age of about 4.6 billion years. Before 4.6 billion years, it was called the astronomical period, and the entire later period was called the geological period. The geological period is the main period of geohistory research, so it is also called the geohistory period. [1]
| universe | generation | discipline | world | The beginning of the decade (million years ago GSSP) | Main event |
| Phanerozoic | Young generation | Quaternary | Holocene | 0.011430 ± 0.00013 [2] | Human prosperity (refer to chronology) |
| Pleistocene | 1.806 ± 0.005 | Massive mammal extinction during the ice age | |||
| Human evolution to modern state | |||||
| Neogene | Pliocene | 5.332 ± 0.005 | Human personal ape ancestor | ||
| Miocene | 23.03 ± 0.05 | ||||
| Paleogene | Oligocene | 33.9 ± 0.1 | The rise of most mammals | ||
| Eocene | 55.8 ± 0.2 | ||||
| Paleocene | 65.5 ± 0.3 | ||||
| Mesozoic | Cretaceous | 145.5 ± 4 | Dinosaurs boom to extinction | ||
| Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction event, 45% of extinction on Earth | |||||
| Placenta mammals appear | |||||
| Jurassic | 199.6 ± 0.6 | Marsupial mammals emerge | |||
| Birds appear | |||||
| Gymnosperms | |||||
| Angiosperms appear | |||||
| Triassic | 251.0 ± 0.7 | Dinosaur appears | |||
| Oviparous mammals emerge | |||||
| Paleozoic | Permian | 299.0 ± 0.8 | Permian extinction event, 95% of extinction on earth | ||
| Pangu Continental Formation | |||||
| Carboniferous | 359.2 ± 2.5 | Insect boom | |||
| Reptiles appear | |||||
| Coal forest | |||||
| Gymnosperm | |||||
| Devonian | 416.0 ± 2.8 | Fish boom | |||
| Emergence of amphibians | |||||
| Emergence of insects | |||||
| Seed plant emerge | |||||
| Shi Song appeared with a thief | |||||
| Silurian | 443.7 ± 1.5 | Terrestrial naked fern plants appear | |||
| Ordovician | 488.3 ± 1.7 | Fish emerges; marine algae flourishes | |||
| Cambrian | 542.0 ± 1.0 | Cambrian life explosion | |||
| Proterozoic | Neoproterozoic | Sinian Period | 630 + 5 / -30 | Sinian Great Ice Age, the beginning of the evolution of primitive organisms on Earth | |
| Ice age | 850 | Snowball event | |||
| Stretching period | 1000 | For the first time, large thorny agglutinating organisms appeared. | |||
| Middle Proterozoic | Narrow zone | 1200 | Metamorphic rock belts formed during this period, during which the Rodinia supercontinent took shape. | ||
| Extension period | 1400 | With the extension of the continental shelf cover, the floor cover continued to expand, and the earliest complex multicellular organisms appeared. | |||
| Caprock | 1600 | Cyanophyta and brown algae develop, large macro algae appear | |||
| Paleoproterozoic | Consolidation period | 1800 | The Colombian supercontinent was formed. | ||
| Orogenic | 2050 | Large-scale orogeny on the continent | |||
| Stratified period | 2300 | Cyanobacteria and bacteria flourish | |||
| Cheng Tieji | 2500 | The formation of extra large iron ore fields in the world, and the main period of ferrosilicon construction | |||
| Archean | New Archaic | 2800 | First ice age | ||
| Middle Archeology | 3200 | ||||
| Ancient Archean | 3600 | Blue-green algae appear | |||
| Archaean | 3800 | ||||
| Palaeozoic | Early Rain Haidai | 3850 | The first organism on earth-bacteria | ||
| Bacchus | 3950 | Archaea appear | |||
| Native generation | 4150 | The ocean appears on earth | |||
| Cryptozoic | 4570 | Earth appears | |||
- The article "On the Origin and Evolution of the Earth" argues that in the history of the earth, some astronomical and
- Research based on indirect signs. According to a
- Invasion period: several years this year (100 million). Minerals related to rock types in major distribution areas
Cenozoic
- The geological period from 70 million years ago to modern times is called the Cenozoic and includes the Tertiary and Quaternary.
- Superbasic rocks, quartz diorites, granites from Tibet and Taiwan contain elements such as Cr, Au, Cu, Pb, and Zn.
Mesozoic
- Geological periods from 230 million to 70 million years ago are Mesozoic, including the Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous.
- Late period: Granite, diorite, diorite, etc. in the eastern region, western Yunnan, Tibet, Karakorum Mountains, etc., containing elements such as Sn, Mo, Pb, Zn, Cu, Hg, Sb, Au and so on.
- Middle stage: Eastern region, western Yunnan, Tibet biotite granite, granodiorite, basic and ultrabasic rocks, containing Sn, Bi, Mo, Fe, Cu, Pb, Zn, Be, Cr, Ni, Ti, Pt and other elements.
- The end of the Yanshan period: It is divided into northern northeast, northern Inner Mongolia, Qinling granite, granitic granite, plagioclase granite, granite porphyry, basic rock, etc., and contains Mo, Cu, Pb, Zn, Au and other elements.
- Indosinian period: Nanling, Hainan Island, western Sichuan, western Yunnan, Qinling, southern Qilian mountain biotite granite, quartz diorite, gabbro, containing Fe, Cu, Ni and other elements.
Late Paleozoic
- From 400 million years to 230 million years ago, it is a Late Paleozoic geological period, including Devonian, Carboniferous, and Permian.
- Late Hercynian: Granite, basic and ultrabasic rocks in Northeast, Inner Mongolia, Tianshan, Kunlun Mountains, Sichuan-Yunnan, and Taiwan, containing elements such as Fe, Sn, Mo, Pb, Zn, Be, Cr, and Ni.
- Medium-term: biotite granite, granodiorite, basic and ultrabasic rocks in the Greater Xing'an Mountains, northern Inner Mongolia, Tianshan, and Sichuan-Yunnan border areas, containing elements such as Fe, Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr, Ni, and Co.
- Early stage: Altai, Junggar, Tianshan, Sichuan-Yunnan border areas, Qilian Mountains, Kunlun Mountains, Inner Mongolia basic and ultrabasic rocks, granite, granodiorite, etc., containing Cr, Cu, Ni and other elements.
Geological period Proterozoic
- There is no stable continental area in this geological period, and there are only a few small land cores scattered in the ocean. [2]
- Late period: Qinling, western Hubei granite, diorite
- Early stage: granite, granodiorite, granite porphyry, ultrabasic and basic rocks in eastern Liaoning, North China, South China, etc., containing Cu, Pb, Zn, Au, Cr, Ni, Fe and other elements.
Geological period archaic
- Northeast and North China granites, basic and ultrabasic rock mica, rare metals (Au, Cu, Ni, Cr, Fe, B)