What is a liquid crystal?

At once, it was firmly believed that there were three and only three states of mass: solid, liquid and gas. This was the case in 1888, when an Austrian chemist named Friedrich Reinitzer, who worked at the University of Prague, worked on a substance based on cholesterol, which seemed to suit his expectations. When he tried to determine the melting point, he found that a substance that was a fixed crystal at a room temperature had two different melting points at 293.9 ° F (145.5 ° C) and 353.3 ° F (178.5 ° C). Between these two points it was a cloudy liquid, and when it was heated over the second point, it became transparent. Reinitzer was consulted by Otto Lehmann, a crystalline optics expert who realized that the cloudy liquid was an unspecified state for which he created the name liquid crystals

The liquid crystal is a substance between its solid and liquid and liquid phases. Its molecules are often shaped as boards or bars - the ten shapes align in a certain direction. Molecular order in chapAlery crystal can be changed by exposure to electric, magnetic or mechanical forces.

There are two main phases for liquid crystal. In the immoive phase, which is close to the liquid, the molecules float but will remain ordered. At this stage, called a liquid crystal called cholesteric , liquid crystals can create a twisted structure and reflect visible light in the color formula. The connection between the temperature and the color allows them to be used in thermometers.

The second phase is the Smectic phase. At this stage, the liquid crystal is close to the solid and is arranged in layers. Liquid crystals move in layers, but not between layers.

Liquid crystal display (LCD) was developed in Princeton in New Jersey at the David Sarnoff Research Center in 1963. The monochrome LCD digital watch was first produced in the 70s and the first commercialLCD television was built in 1988. Computer monitors LCD began to be sold in the age of 90 and for the first time in 2003 CRT monitors were sold in 2003.