What is a complicated cloning?
Rebrombinant cloning usually concerns techniques of recombinant DNA. This includes a combination of DNA sequences that would not naturally exist. These techniques are also sometimes called genetic engineering. Specific DNA segments are insulated and combined in a smaller DNA unit that will replicate and amplify the number of cloned DNA molecules.
Host organisms for recombinant cloning are often bacteria. DNA Vehikule used for cloning is known as a vector and is usually a virus or plasmide - a circular piece of bacterial DNA, which is outside bacterial chromosome. Plasmid for cloning will origin the replication so that it can replicate itself, cloning and some kind of optional marker, such as resistance to antibiotics. This ensures the selection and spread of cells containing clone.
cloning site has a specializing sequence that will be recognized by a specific restriction endonukLeases - an enzyme that recognizes specific DNA sequences and cuts nucleotides. Plasmid will first be cut, so it is linear. Scientists generally seek to use restrictive endonucleases that leave the "sticky ends" that overlap and anneal the ends of the target gene by compatible sequences in the vector by means of a league to restore it into a circle. Once the gene is cloned into the vector, the vector is introduced into its express host, usually a process known as transformation and has grown in large quantities. DNA can then be insulated and used in experiments.
Reombinant cloning has allowed a large number of molecules that are usually temporarily expressed in a cell such as MRNA and proteins. This revolutionized the study of biology. There are many practical applications of recombinant cloning.
Proteins, such as human growth, can be expressed in large quantities of recombinant cloning. Transgenic plants are used in agriculture to prevent insects and pathogens.Many foods have been genetically modified to improve, and cows are treated with growth hormone beef beef produced by recombinant cloning to increase milk production. Gene therapy has been used in many therapies, including the treatment of the form of blindness. Zvířata jsou dokonce klonována, i když klony často trpí zdravotními problémy.
Some of the uses of the recombinant cloning is very controversial. Many people are against food genetically modified foods or milk drinking with a supombinant hormone. There are many concerns that crops that have been genetically changed can spread their new genes to the local flora.
Some people are philosophically against the change of existing life forms. There is an almost universal conviction of the idea of cloning human. It should be seen whether these new techniques will reach their full practical potential or to reduce their use.