What was the event Permian-Triassic?

Permian-Triassic Extinction, informally known as a great dying, the boundary of P-Tr or the "mother of all bulk extinction" is considered to be the most serious extinction event in the history of life on Earth. About 250 million years ago, the extinction of Permian-Triassic was a relatively sudden event that lasted less than 80,000 years, with the most serious pulses lasted only 5,000 years. About 96 percent of sea species and 70 percent of terrestrial vertebrate species disappeared with many important paleozoic families such as sea scorpions, trilobits, fish without jaws and armored fish. In total, about 90 percent of the species were erased, unlike the extinction of only 60 percent of the types in the chalk-Tercial event 65.5 million years ago that erased the dinosaurs.

slow recovery

Recovery of life after the extinction of Permian-Triassic was the slowest ever when it required 5-10 million years rather than a typical Less than 1 million. Several families that have survived have become around the world, probably the least rozManites ever had life since the beginning of Cambrian. Lystrosaurus, a medium -sized herbivore, which is the forerunner of all mammals, accounted for 90 percent of all earth animals for millions of years after extinction. The extinction of Permian-Triassic is also the only known mass of insects.

drastic changes

The life of the plants was destroyed. Perhaps 95 percent of all plants of soil were smoothed. In many areas, the formulas of the river flow have changed from meandering to knit, as they were during the early Silurian, before the development of plants of land. There was a short global fungal tip caused by a huge increase in the amount of dead organic material due to the amount of living organic material. This part of the fossil record is the refuge that extinction was relatively short, rather than a gradual process that has erased a large number of genera over time.

possible causes

2 nL, the scientists have suspected the impact of the asteroid, as much as what is assumed to have killed dinosaurs. However, within the PERMIAN-TRIASSIC boundary, there is no layer of Iridium, which is expected to be stored by the great impact of the asteroid.

Instead, the guilt fell on the large and widespread eruption of Superchanno, which formed what is called Siberian traps. Siberian traps were made up of lava, which was drawn around 0.24 cubic kilometers (1 cubic kilometer) Lava every year for 40 000-200,000 years, at least 20 percent of them pyroclastically - extending up violently before released as Runny slipping. Initially, it would block the sun and causes of global cooling, and a lot of ground life would be disturbed by strong layers of molten ash stored in the region of roughly the size of Asia.

role of methane klatrats

is not considered to be volcanism itself that caused the extinction of permian-trias. One of the largest guides from the layers of time period is an increase in IZ ratioHeating carbon-12 to carbon-13. For many years, they have scratched their heads on the exact cause of change, scientists believe that only one event could have caused a change as a large as measured: mass release of methane klatrats from the world oceans.

The

methane valve is methane molecules captured in the ice crystal matrix, located about 0.3-0.6 miles (0.5-1.0 km) below the continental borders of the world. Estimates of the amount of methane klatrats in the world oceans today range from 3,000 to 20,000 gigatons and the amount is considered similar to the previous permian-triassical boundary. Siberian traps of eruption of eruption mainly poured lava into areas composed of shallow seas, which would cause mass release of methane. Methane is about 20 times more effective in causing global warming than carbon dioxide and released in large quantities.

high temperatures, small oxygen

The release of methane would cause the Earth, including the oceans, to warm up and further release more methane klatrats and a snackLinen warming. Most of the world's klatrats could have been released within a time range of only 5,000 years, causing catastrophic warming. This warming would reduce the temperature gradients between the poles and prevent the transmission of nutrients from the soil to the sea, causing massive eyelash flowers that consumed ocean oxygen and causing extensive yesoxia, which is a reduction in oxygen level.

Without oxygen, most of the sea fauna died. The anaerobic greenbacteria of sulfur prospered, moved other bacteria, and caused large sulphide emissions, destroyed the ozone layer, and revealed the life of the soil damage to ultraviolet (UV) rays. Evidence of UVS damage was found in plant fossils from the era.