What Is the Coherer?

Cultural, ethical, and psychological terms. Originally a physics concept, it refers to some kind of internal force that bonds together between molecules and molecules, atoms and atoms in the structure of matter. Later extended to the concept of culture and ethics, usually refers to a certain kind of cohesive force of the collective or the members of a social community into an organic whole due to common interests and value goals. Because of the cohesion, the social community maintains its own internal regulations. Once the cohesion disappears, the social community will tend to disintegrate. ^[1]

The term originally used by gestalt psychologists refers to the tendency of excitement points in the cerebral cortex to attract each other. In social psychology, cohesion is also called group cohesion or group solidarity, which refers to the attraction within a group. This attraction is the sum of the various forces that keep members in the group. It is a psychological force for the group to keep its members close, consistent, and harmonious. Group cohesion is a multi-factor psychological phenomenon. It mainly includes the interpersonal attractiveness among individuals in a group, the attractiveness of group activities to its members, the attractiveness of groups to meet personal needs (that is, the level of individual expectations of groups), and The attractiveness of Prestige to its members, the attractiveness of group goals and problem solving to its members, etc. In general, the mutual attraction between group members and the psychological compatibility of group members are the main moderators of group cohesion. Studies have shown that, in addition to the satisfaction of interpersonal relationships, the cohesion of the group is also affected, as well as providing members with a sense of security, anxiety, group maturity, group social status and influence, and interest among group members. , Needs, attitudes, values and goals are consistent or recognized. ^[3]

In social groups, a united and cooperative social and psychological force formed by people with common goals, needs and motivations. It can produce energy amplification effects that stimulate each other and improve behavioral efficiency, and self-defense effects that protect each other and exclude external pressure. The forming conditions are mainly: clear group goals, recognized by members, people's needs, motivations, and emotions are fully understood and supported by each other; outstanding people form the backbone, and play a role in regulating and communicating interpersonal relationships and decision making, organization, and leadership effect. Cohesion reflects the degree of integration and coordination of the group and is an important internal factor affecting the achievement of goals. They can be divided into positive and negative categories based on their relationship with the goals of their organization or their effect on social progress.

The degree of attraction of a group to its members includes both the degree of attraction of the group to each member and the degree of attraction of group members to each other. When the degree of attraction reaches a certain level and the membership of the group has a certain value, the group is a cohesive group. Cohesion can be explained by the following attitudes of group members: loyalty to the group, sense of responsibility for the group's work, active defense and resistance to external attacks, shared interests and friendship with other members. In a cohesive group, members have more consistent opinions, harmonious and friendly relations, are proud of the group and have a strong sense of responsibility, and it is better to complete the group's work tasks. The strength of a group's cohesion can be measured using some methods. For example: let each member of the group evaluate their feelings for other members, fill it in the questionnaire, and add these evaluations together to see the strength of cohesion; also allow each member to evaluate their own affection for the entire group Feeling of home, etc. The strength of group cohesion is affected by the following factors: (1) The group's leadership style. According to Luin's experiment in 1939, among the three authoritarian, democratic, and laissez-faire leadership styles, the democratic cohesion of the group is the strongest. (2) The relationship between the group and the outside world. Groups that are isolated from the outside world have strong cohesion. (3) The size of the group. The smaller ones have stronger cohesion. Large groups tend to divide into smaller basic groups. (4) Member stability. Group members are more stable and have stronger cohesion. The formation of group cohesion requires considerable stability of group members. (5) Reward methods and target structure within the group. Different reward methods can affect the emotions and expectations of group members. If the combination of individual and group rewards is adopted, it will help strengthen the cohesion of the group. Similarly, organically combining the goals of individuals and groups can also help strengthen collective ideas and cohesion. If the mission goals of group members are not related to each other, it is difficult to form cohesion. In addition, different information exchange methods, the personality characteristics, interest and thought level of group members will affect the cohesion of the group.

The source of cohesion lies in the unity of the collective responsibility, the distribution of rights, and the belonging psychology on the goal of common responsibility, that is, the correspondence between the collective efficacy of group members and the sense of belonging in the sense of common responsibility rights. The so-called "shared responsibility rights awareness" refers to the group members' awareness of the goals, responsibilities, rights, and obligations that need to be coordinated within the group, as well as the unity of responsibility goals and rights and obligations. ^[4]

Cohesive level of pride and anxiety

The generation of morale is the result of the opposition and unity of attitude and confidence on the task goal, and the attitude and confidence of each other are psychologically questionable and mutually opposed. Only when they correspond to the target task can they have positive initiative. Cohesion is the state of morale at the middle level. It is the result of the middle-level confidencethe collective efficacy and the middle-level attitudethe belonging psychology. The relationship between collective efficacy and belonging psychology: ^[4]

First of all, relative to certain responsibilities and objectives, when the members of the group feel their individual strength, the overall strength of the small group, and the sense of synergy between the small group members, they are too much larger than the group members' subordinate to the group and its leadership. Feelings of belonging, such as sense of attachment, sense of attachment, loyalty, etc., members of the group will show arrogance, or selfishness, or casualness, or resistance, or opposition, or rebellion, etc. towards the group and its cooperative tasks. Pride. ^[4]

Secondly, relative to those responsibilities and objectives that are important to the group members, when the group members have too strong attribution to the group's corresponding emotions and loyalty, regardless of the actual coordination ability of the group members, the group members will always feel : The ego's strength and overall coordination effectiveness are inadequate, and thus it will increasingly show blind faith in the public, authority, and various related information, and even corresponding behavior disorder, and sometimes it will be extremely in the opposite direction-not To actively coordinate and cooperate and let the development of the burnout mentality. ^[4]

Collective efficacy and belonging psychology are antagonistic in achieving the common responsibility goal relationship, but in terms of cohesiveness, the two must be unified with the common responsibility goal. This means that collective efficacy and belonging psychology are equal. If collective efficacy and belonging psychology are not correspondingly equal in the goal of joint responsibility, there will be no cohesion in the corresponding goal responsibility. ^[4]

Unification of the allocation of powers to shared goals and responsibilities

The key to cohesiveness lies in the rational allocation of rights, especially the formation of power through the concentration of rights. The process of cohesion generation is different from the process of consciousness generation. The key to triggering the generation and formation of consciousness is decentralization. Decentralization will promote consciousness, but excessive decentralization has a negative effect on cohesion. This is manifested in the process of triggering consciousness formation and belonging psychology with a high degree of decentralization, which will corrupt the flood. Members of each group will thus form their own arrogance and self-responsibility, which will seriously affect the formation of group members' cohesion . ^[4]

The conscious decentralization and cohesion of centralized power make consciousness and cohesion have relative independence and even opposition after their formation. However, if there are no group members consciously and voluntarily performing the corresponding tasks of the group task on certain responsibility goals and tasks, it will be difficult for the group members to form the cohesiveness of unity and cooperation to achieve the group activity goals. ^[4]

So, what is the critical point of power regulation like the boiling point of water? This is also the compulsory mechanism of group target tasks. The so-called group target task obligation mechanism refers to a mechanism that unifies the individual rights and interests of the target task performer with the rights of the group as a whole and its parts, so that the specific performers of the responsibility task take the group responsibility task as the obligation. ^[4]

Unity of belonging psychology on the goal of joint responsibility

The unity of belonging mentality on the goal of common responsibility can be achieved through the construction of a community of interests, internal negotiation and coordination arbitration mechanisms, and the role of role models. The construction of a community of interests can be achieved by recruiting members with common interests and aspirations, and conducting ideological education on common interests. The important foundation of belonging psychology lies in the group's satisfaction with individual self-interest psychology, but it must have certain normativeness to the self-interest psychology of group members, so that an organization can have the effectiveness of mutual coordination in corresponding activities . In this way, it is necessary for group members and even organizations to deliver their corresponding freedoms and rights, and this often requires some internal negotiation, coordination, and even arbitration mechanisms to complete. There is a saying that "the power of example is infinite", as far as the positive example of behavior is concerned, it conveys a kind of information which should not only be able to be done, but also can be done. The effect of reasoning is unparalleled. ^[4]

The unity of collective efficacy on shared responsibility goals

The unity of collective efficacy and the goal of shared responsibility lies in arranging the right people at the right place to do the right things at the right time. After reasonable personnel arrangements, we must try our best to achieve meticulous division of labor, responsibilities in place, and responsibilities to others, so as to avoid decentralization and even mutual shirk. On the basis of rationally arranging personnel and determining positions and responsibilities, in addition to the corresponding preliminary work such as learning, training, and training, the realization of collective effectiveness depends on mandatory and semi-mandatory benefits in specific realistic scenarios. Arrangement and implementation of procedures. The interest restriction procedure that stimulates cohesion and the interest supplementary procedure that stimulates consciousness are collectively called the interest adjustment system. The interest restriction procedure should be based on the necessary and necessary benefits of the subject. Only when the interest can bind the body and even the mind of the person can the interest restriction procedure be effective. ^[4]

The so-called interest restriction procedure refers to: if the actual needs of individuals or group members can no longer be met or cannot be satisfied or need to be satisfied, if the benefit supplement system is simply used, it will be difficult for individuals to carry out target tasks The required self-consciousness, so that only by suppressing or destroying the existing interests of the group members to generate the desire to deviate, thus forcing them to produce a spirit of coordination and compliance, such as obedience and dependence. ^[4]

Benefit restriction procedures include interest suppression and interest destruction. The interest restriction procedure starts from the self-interested psychology of the individual's interests, and is a process of self-interest obedience to the goal of shared responsibility. The process of aligning effectiveness with shared responsibility goals. Interest suppression refers to the use of means to control or punish the group members' existing rights and interests to force the group members to produce a spirit of coordination and cooperation corresponding to the completion of group tasks. ^[4]

Destruction of interest refers to the destruction of the existing interests of individuals who are prone to deviant desires, leaving only the way for individuals to complete the corresponding new wishes in a prescribed way, thereby forcing them to have to respond to the completion of certain group tasks. Synergy. For example, Han Xin's "Backwaters" and Xiang Yu's "Breaking the Cauldron" are destroying the ways and conditions that individuals are prone to escape, leaving only individuals with a way to escape through the completion of military missions, thus forcing their troops to produce Cohesion corresponding to the completion of certain military tasks. ^[4]